33.4. Ci, C...í, and Cí reduplication
1 2021-07-09T05:08:34-07:00 Montler, et al. 1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101 30904 1 33.4. Models plain 2021-07-09T05:08:34-07:00 Montler, et al. 1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101This page is referenced by:
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33.4. Ci, C...í, and Cí reduplication
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Ci snə́xʷɬ ‘canoe’ sninə́xʷɬ ‘canoes’ ŋə́qsən ‘nose’ ŋiŋə́qsən ‘noses’ C...í sx̣ə́naʔ ‘foot’ sx̣x̣ínaʔ ‘feet’ čə́nəs ‘tooth’ ččínəs ‘teeth’ Cí mə́q̓ ‘full belly’ míməq̓ ‘full bellies’ sxʷə́kʷ ‘lower back’ sxʷíxʷəkʷ ‘lower backs’
► 1 These are three rare reduplication patterns for plural in Klallam.
► 2 The first pattern, Ci, makes the collective plural by copying the first consonant of the root and putting an i after the copy. So, for example, with ŋə́qsən, the first consonant is ŋ. Copy the ŋ and put an i after the copy to get ŋiŋə́qsən.
► 3 The second pattern, C...í, copies the first consonant and replaces the stressed ə́ of the root with í. So, for example, with p̓ə́wiʔ, the first consonant is p̓. Copy the p̓ and change the root ə́ to í to get p̓p̓íwiʔ.
► 4 The third pattern, Cí, is similar to the Ci pattern, but the inserted i gets the stress. So, for example, with mə́q̓ the first consonant is m. Copy the m and put í after the copy to get míməq̓.
► 5 There is no general way to tell which words take these patterns. But there are two pieces of good news. First, these patterns occur only on words whose singular form has ə́ or whose root begins with two consonants in a row. But, of course, there are many words with ə́ or with roots beginning in two consonants that do not take these forms of the plural.
► 6 The second piece of good news is that these forms are rare. They do, however, occur on some very common words. The Ci form occurs on eleven words, C...i occurs on nine, and Cí occurs only on the two words shown in the model.
► 7 An inescapable part of learning any language is a certain amount of memorization. So here are the Ci and C...i forms for you to memorize at this time. (Note that in the plural for ‘lake,’ the í becomes é because it’s followed by ʔ.)
► 8 Note that the words for ‘blanket’ and ‘flounder’ can take either form of the plural; some elders prefer one or the other. As you browse through the Klallam Dictionary, you will notice that many words have various acceptable forms for the plural.Words with Ci plural Words with C...í plural sə́miʔ sisə́miʔ ‘blanket’ sə́miʔ ssímiʔ ‘blanket’ ƛ̓x̣ʷáy̓ ƛ̓iƛ̓ə́x̣ʷiʔ ‘dog salmon’ k̓ʷə́yčən k̓ʷk̓ʷíyčən ‘grizzly’ sčə́saʔqʷ sčičə́saʔqʷ ‘hat’ q̓ʷə́yən̓ q̓ʷq̓ʷíyən̓ ‘ear’ q̓ʷq̓ʷúʔəŋ̓ q̓ʷiq̓ʷúʔəŋ ‘kelp’ sƛ̓ə́wən̓ sƛ̓ƛ̓íwən̓ ‘earring’ p̓ə́wiʔ p̓ip̓ə́wiʔ ‘flounder’ p̓ə́wiʔ p̓p̓íwiʔ ‘flounder’ sxʷtqə́n sxʷtitqə́n ‘lid’ sx̣ə́naʔ sx̣x̣ínaʔ ‘foot’ sk̓ʷtúʔ sk̓ʷik̓ʷə́tuʔ ‘raven’ cə́yʔəɬ ccéʔyəɬ ‘lake’ pə́q̓ pipə́q̓ ‘white’ sk̓ʷə́yəc sk̓ʷk̓ʷíyəc ‘slave’ c̓ək̓ʷ sc̓ic̓ə́k̓ʷ ‘worm’ čə́nəs ččínəs ‘tooth’ snə́xʷɬ sninə́xʷɬ ‘canoe’ ŋə́qsən ŋiŋə́qsən ‘nose’ 
ččáts cə nəséʔyaʔ cə ŋə́n̓ sƛ̓ƛ̓íwən̓. ‘My grandmother made many earrings.’ 
x̣čŋín tə ʔaʔ či sččáts cə sčičə́saʔqʷ. ‘I thought she made hats?’ ččáts cə sƛ̓ƛ̓íwən̓ ʔiʔ sčičə́saʔqʷ. ‘She makes earrings and hats.’ mán̓ ʔuʔ ʔiʔánəŋ cə ʔən̓séʔyaʔ. ‘Your grandmother is very skillful.’