4.2. Particular article: TŦE
Models
| 1) | YÁ¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The deer goes’ or ‘That deer goes.’ |
| 2) | YÁ¸ LE¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The/That deer went.’ |
| 3) | YÁ¸ SE¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘The/That deer will go.’ |
| 4) | YÁ¸ E LE¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘Did the/that deer go?’ |
| 5) | ȻENET SEN TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | ‘I take the/that deer.’ |
‣ 1 The article TŦE is the most common and most useful article in SENĆOŦEN. It is usually translated as ‘the’ or ‘that,’ but it is also frequently translated as ‘a.’ A speaker using this article is thinking of a particular instance of the noun that follows it.
‣ 2 The article TŦE is frequently pronounced TSE or TE.
‣ 3 Note that, as always, the verb in SENĆOŦEN comes first. Where in English we say ‘the deer goes,’ the SENĆOŦEN is ‘goes the deer’ when translated word for word.
‣ 4 Note that the noun phrase is the subject with an intransitive verb such as YÁ¸ but is usually the direct object with a transitive verb such as ȻENET. This is one of several ways that the direct object and intransitive subject share features.
‣ 5 The articles are never pronounced with stress.
 | U¸ ÍY¸ E SW̱? | ‘Are you okay?’ |
 | U¸ ÍY¸ SEN. | ‘I’m fine.’ |
| ŚTEṈ E SE¸ SW̱? | ‘Will you walk?’ |
| EWE. ȻONEṈET SEN SE¸. | ‘No. I’ll run.’ |
| 4.2A. Translate each of the following into English. 1. X̱OṈ E TŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 2. ȽÁU¸ SE¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. 3. JISEṈ TŦE SWIU¸LES. 4. NEḴEṈ E LE¸ TŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 5. IȾEṈ SE¸ TŦE SWIU¸LES. 6. W̱ITEṈ TŦE SWIU¸LES. 7. ITET E SE¸ TŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 8. ȻONEṈET TŦE SWIU¸LES. 9. ŚTEṈ E LE¸ TŦE SMÍYEŦ. 10. NEḴEṈ TŦE KÁ¸ṈI¸. 11. XĆIT SEN TŦE SWIU¸LES. 12. SÁ¸ET LE¸ ȽTE TŦE SNEW̱EȽ. 13. ȽIȾET E LE¸ SW̱ HÁLE TŦE SMÍYEŦ. 14. ȻENITES E TŦE TÁLE. 15. ŚJET E LE¸ SEN TŦE SMÍYEŦ. | 4.2B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN. 1. The deer sleeps. 2. Is the young man going to run? 3. The young woman dove. 4. Did the dog run away? 5. The young woman walked. 6. The young man jumped. 7. The young woman will get dressed. 8. Is that young man going to cry? 9. Do you know the young woman? 10. He is going to cut the deer. 11. He is going to break the stick. 12. Lift the canoe! 13. Did he take the money? 14. The young woman went. 15. Will they choose that house? |
| 4.2C. Use the SENĆOŦEN Dictionary to find four more SENĆOŦEN nouns not shown in this section. 4.2D. Write ten new SENĆOŦEN sentences with noun phrases. | |