SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

37.1. Lexical suffixes as possessed objects

43373
Models
1)DEM¸NOW̱ SEN TŦE NE ḴELEṈ¸.‘I hit my eye.’
2)DEM¸OLES SEN.‘I hit my eye.’ / ‘My eye got hit.’
     
3)DEM¸ TŦE NE ḴELEṈ¸.‘My eye got hit.’
4)DEM¸OLESNOṈE SEN.‘I hit you in the eye (accidentally).’

‣ 1 Looking at models 1 and 2, there are two ways of expressing the idea ‘I hit my eye’ in SENĆOŦEN. One, model 1, uses the noun phrase TŦE NE ḴELEṈ¸ as the direct object, and the other, model 2, uses the lexical suffix ‑OLES.
‣ 2 Model 1 is an ordinary transitive sentence (§32.2). Here is the complete analysis:
               DEM¸-NOW̱   SEN  TŦE    NE  ḴELEṈ¸.
              hit‑trans      I       the    my  eye
‣ 3 Model 2—with the lexical suffix—is not transitive, though the first English translation given is the same as for model 1. A somewhat more literal translation of the second model sentence would be ‘I got head‑bumped.’
‣ 4 The second translation given for model 2, ‘My eye got hit’ is also more literal. In sentences like these, the lexical suffix refers to something possessed by either the direct object, if the verb is transitive, or the subject, if the verb is intransitive. This is another way that direct objects and intransitive subjects are treated the same in SENĆOŦEN. See also §4.2 and §11.1.
‣ 5 We can make the second model sentence transitive by simply adding the ‑NEW̱ transitive suffix:
               DEM¸OLESNEW̱ SEN.              ‘I accidentally hit his/her/its eye.’
‣ 6 Model 4 shows this transitive verb with the second person ‘you’ direct object. Note that the ‘you’ object is the possessor of the thing indicated by the lexical suffix ‑OLES ‘eye.’
‣ 7 Model 3 is included here to show that there is yet another way of expressing the same idea. In model 3, the verb is a bare root DEM¸ ‘get hit.’ The translation here is the most straightforward literal translation.
 
ÁN¸ SEN U¸ QSÁSES.‘I really burned my hand.’
ṮÁ¸ SEN U¸ QSÁSES I¸ QESINES.‘I also burned my hand and my chest.’
EN¸ÁN¸ U¸ QÁ¸LES TI¸Á ḰO¸.‘This water is too hot.’
HÁ¸E. XEN¸IṈ ¸E ȻS ĆEḰEU¸SE.‘It’s like fire.’
 
37.1A. Use the dictionary to translate each of the following into English and identify each lexical suffix.
1. XEM¸W̱I¸ḰT SEN TŦE NE STOLES.
2. ȾE¸ȻENOȻEṈ TŦE SṮELI¸ṮȽḴEȽ.
3. ȾE¸ȻOSEṈ TŦE SWIU¸LES.
4. ŚEJSEN TŦE SṮI¸ṮEȽḴEȽ.
5. ŚJI¸ḰTEṈ TŦE SṮELIṮȽḴEȽ.		37.1B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN using lexical suffixes.
1. Don’t burn your mouth.
2. I bumped my chest.
3. Does your foot really hurt?
4. I’ll wash my child’s feet.
5. We took off our shoes.

This page has paths:

  1. 37 Lexical Suffixes Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 19.1. ‘Every,’ ‘all,’ and ‘any’ Montler, et al.
  2. 36.3. Other nonpatient objects and -ṈIT Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 32.2. Object pronouns (subject not in control): NEW̱ verbs
  2. 4.2. Particular article: TŦE
  3. 11.1. ‘And’ and ‘with’