13.3. Reciprocal: Each other (noncontrol): NEȻEL or NEU¸EL¸
Models
1) | QENNEȻEL ȽTE. | ‘We see each other.’ |
2) | QENNEȻEL SW̱. | ‘You see each other.’ |
3) | QENNEȻEL SW̱ HÁLE. | ‘You folks see each other.’ |
4) | QENNEȻEL. | ‘They see each other.’ |
5) | QEN¸N¸EU¸EL¸. | ‘They are seeing each other.’ |
6) | QENNEȻEL TŦE SṮELIṮȽḴEȽ. | ‘The children see each other.’ |
7) | QENNEȻEL SEN I¸ TŦE NE TÁN. | ‘My mother and I see each other.’ |
8) | QENNEȻEL TŦE NE MÁN I¸ TŦE NE TÁN. | ‘My father and my mother see each other.’ |
‣ 1 The word QENNEȻEL ‘see each other’ in the models has the same root at QENNEW̱ ‘see him/her/it.’ QENET SEN means ‘I look at him/her/it.’ With the control reciprocal each other, it is QENETEL and means ‘look at each other.’
‣ 2 As you can see, the difference between ‘see’ and ‘look’ is one of controlled action. To ‘see each other’ can be accidental; to ‘look at each other’ is controlled.
‣ 3 The form of the noncontrol ‘each other’ suffix is ‑NEȻEL and sometimes ‑NEW¸EL¸. The second form, ‑NEW¸EL¸, indicates a continuing action. Therefore, QEN¸N¸EU¸EL¸ means ‘seeing each other.’ This is a case of what is called the ‘actual.’ This is an important distinction in SENĆOŦEN and is covered in detail in §42.
‣ 4 The pattern here is basically the same as the control ‘each other.’ The subject of a noncontrol reciprocal verb is typically plural, as in most of the models. It is possible to have a singular subject. The second model has SW̱ without the HÁLE pluralizer. But remember that HÁLE is not required and is only used to specify that you are speaking to a group of people.
‣ 5 Just as with the ‑TEL ‘each other’ suffix, often the translation does not include ‘each other.’ The ‘reciprocal’ meaning still comes through. Here are some (with the stressed vowel underlined):
ȽEṈNEȻEL ‘come apart’
NEȽNEȻEL ‘look alike’
ḰEL¸NEȻEL ‘talk together’
ĆÁ¸ĆE¸NEȻEL ‘related’
ṮE₭NEU¸EL¸ ‘sticking together’
SȽEṈ¸N¸EU¸EL¸ ‘separated.’
QENNEȻEL E SW̱ HÁLE. | ‘Did you see each other?’ | |
HÁE. ḰEL¸NEU¸EL¸ ȽTE. | ‘Yes. We were talking together.’ | |
XĆIT E SW̱? | ‘Do you know him?’ | |
ÍY¸ ȽTE SĆÁ¸ĆE¸. | ‘We’re good friends.’ |
13.3A. Translate each of the following into English. 1. ḰEL¸NEȻEL E LE¸ SW̱ HÁLE? 2. NEȽNEȻEL SEN I¸ TŦE NE MÁN. 3. ĆÁ¸ĆE¸NEȻEL ȽTE. 4. ȽEṈNEȻEL TŦE NE SNEW̱EȽ. | 13.3B. Translate each of the following into SENĆOŦEN. 1. We talked together. 2. Did you separate? 3. The papers are sticking together. 4. We saw each other. |