33.2. Noncontrol Passive
Models
| 1) | ȻENÁṈENEṈ SEN. | ‘I was accidentally helped’ or |
| ‘He/she/it/they managed to help me’ or | ||
| ‘Someone succeeds in helping me.’ | ||
| 2) | ȻENÁṈENEṈ ȽTE. | ‘We were helped’ or |
| ‘He/she/it/they helps/help us’ or | ||
| ‘Someone helps us.’ | ||
| 3) | ȻENÁṈENEṈ SW̱. | ‘You were helped’ or |
| ‘He/she/it/they helps/help you’ or | ||
| ‘Someone helps you.’ | ||
| 4) | ȻENÁṈENEṈ SW̱ HÁLE. | ‘You folks were helped’ or |
| ‘He/she/it/they helps/help you folks’ or | ||
| ‘Someone helps you folks.’ | ||
| 5) | ȻENÁṈENEṈ. | ‘He/she/it/they was/were helped’ or |
| ‘He/she/it/they helps/help him/her/it/them’ or | ||
| ‘Someone helps him/her/it/them.’ |
‣ 1 The noncontrol passive is formed with ‑NEṈ or ‑NOṈ at the end of the verb root.
‣ 2 Notice that, just as with the control passive (§33.1), in each example it is the subject that is undergoing the action and that each model has three possible English translations.
‣ 3 The noncontrol passive implies that there is an actor who is not in control even though the actor is not mentioned in the sentence.
‣ 4 There are three possible English translations listed for each of the models, but there are other ways each could be translated. Model 1 shows the translations with ‘accidentally’ or ‘managed to’ or ‘succeeded in.’ Another word that is often used in translating the noncontrol forms is ‘finally.’ Any of these words could be added to the translations of any of the models here. This ‘accidentally/managed to/finally succeeded’ meaning is always part of the noncontrol, but it does not always appear in a fluent English translation.
‣ 5 Just as for the control passive (§33.1 point 8), it is possible to add an explicit actor to any of these models. If an actor is added, it has to be in a prepositional phrase.
 | QENNEṈ E SW̱ ¸E TŦE EN¸ SÁĆS? | ‘Did your uncle see you?’ |
 | EWE. ṮELÁ¸TEṈ E SEN? | ‘No. Is he looking for me?’ |
| ĆTÁLE ¸E ȻSE EN¸ SĆȺ. | ‘He has money for your work.’ |
| ÁN¸ U¸ ÍY¸! EXIN OĆE? | ‘Great. Where is he?’ |
| 33.2A. Translate each into English. 1. XĆNOṈ ȽTE. 2. QENNEṈ E SW̱? 3. QENNEṈ SEN LÁ¸E ¸E TŦE SOȽ. 4. ȻENNEṈ ȽTE SE¸. | 33.2B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN. 1. He managed to figure you out. 2. It was accidentally taken. 3. It was finally dried. 4. Someone managed to lift me. |