SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

Younger Generations

43373
 EnglishSENĆOŦEN
1parent and child togetherṈENO¸TEL
2son, daughterṈENE¸ / ṈI¸ṈENE¸
3oldest son or daughterLOṮ
4youngest son or daughterHÁ¸IĆ
5stepson or stepdaughterSṈENÁ¸EṈ
6son-in-law, daughter-in-lawSĆUTÁÁȽ
7son-in-law, daughter-in-law when their spouse has diedJȺ¸E
8nephew, nieceSTIȻEN
9nephew or niece after sibling’s deathSȻENṈEĆEȽ
10nephew-in-law, niece-in-lawSW̱STIȻEN
11grandchildIṈES
12grandchild’s spouseŚW̱¸IṈES
13great-grandchildJO¸MEḰ / TO¸ME¸
14great-great-grandchildEȻÍYEḰ / EȻE¸
15great-great-great-grandchildȾEBEYEḰ
16descendantSṈEṈÁ¸EN / ȽȻÁSṈEN
Notes on younger generation terms.
1.  To distinguish between son and daughter, you must use the feminine article with ṈENE¸ for ‘daughter.’

2.  The second term in item 2, ṈI¸ṈENE¸, is an endearing term used only of other people’s children.

3.  The words for great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and great- great-great-grandparent are reciprocal. This means that words for great-grandchild, great-great-grandchild, and great-great-great-grandchild are the same.

4.  Notice that LOṮ means ‘oldest son or daughter’ and also ‘oldest brother or sister,’ and HÁ¸IĆ means ‘youngest son or daughter’ and also ‘youngest brother or sister.’

5.  The second word given for descendant in item 16, ȽȻÁSṈEN means ‘those that are behind us.’ This word could also be used for anything left behind. From the SENĆOŦEN point of view, we are all moving forward into history. We are the leaders with the future coming after us, following behind.
 

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  1. Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Montler, et al.