SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

27.2. By way of

43373 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’
Models
1)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E ȽÁ¸E.‘I went this way.’
2)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦÁ¸E.‘I went that way.’
3)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE SOȽ.‘I went by the road.’
4)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸.‘I went by water.’
5)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸ ĆELÁ¸E ¸E Ṯ METULIYE.‘I went by water from Victoria.’
6)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸ OX̱ ¸E Ṯ METULIYE.‘I went by water to Victoria.’
7)TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸ ĆELÁ¸E ¸E Ṯ METULIYE ‘I went by water from Victoria
       OX̱ ¸E Ṯ PÁSTEN.       to the US.’

‣ 1 The word TXENEṈ means ‘go by way of’ or ‘go via’ or ‘go through.’ It can be used as an intransitive verb with just a subject, but TXENEṈ SEN ‘I went some way,’ though grammatical, sounds incomplete. It is more commonly used followed by a prepositional phrase, as in the examples.
‣ 2 The prepositional phrase following TXENEṈ in the models specifies the way. In TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ the word SOȽ can mean ‘road’ or ‘door.’ Model 3 could be translated ‘I went by the road’ or ‘I went through the door.’
‣ 3 The ‘way’ specified in the prepositional phrase is the route of travel. In TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ ‘I go by the road (or through the door),’ the road (or door) is the route.
‣ 4 TXENEṈ is used only to specify the route, not the mode of travel. You cannot, for example, use *TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SNEW̱EȽ to mean ‘I go by canoe;’ the canoe is the mode of travel, not the route. A special suffix, ‑OOȽ is used to make a verb out of a mode of travel. So SNEW̱EȽOOȽ means ‘go by canoe’:
          SNEW̱EȽOOȽ SEN OX̱ ¸E Ṯ METULIYE.      ‘I went by canoe to Victoria.’
‣ 5 TXENEṈ can be combined with SḴILEṈ ‘go out’ or NU¸ILEṈ ‘go in’ (§26.4) or other ‘go’ verbs in this pattern:
          SḴILEṈ SEN TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ.             ‘I went out through the door.’
          NU¸ILEṈ SEN TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ.           ‘I came in through the door.’
‣ 6 The source, as described in §27.1, is the object of the preposition preceded by ĆELÁ¸E, as in models 5 and 7.
‣ 7 The destination is the object of the preposition preceded by OX̱. Just as the destinations described in §27.1, the ṮE prefix could be used instead of OX̱ ¸E TŦE in sentences like models 6 and 7. So these could also be:
          TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸ ṮE METULIYE.                   ‘I went by water to Victoria.’
          TXENEṈ SEN ¸E TŦE ḰO¸ ĆELÁ¸E ¸E Ṯ METULIYE      ‘I went by water from Victoria
                      ṮE PÁSTEN.                                                              to the US.
‣ 8 If both the source and destination are specified, either can go first, just as in §27.1.
   
X̱͸ḰEL¸EȽOOȽ E SW̱ ŦE MÁ¸LEXEȽ?‘Did you go by ferry to Malahat?’
EWE. YÁ¸ SEN TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ.‘No. I went by the road.’
YOŦ SEN OL¸ U¸ X̱͸ḰEL¸EȽOOȽ.‘I always take the ferry.’
YOŦ SEN OL¸ U¸ TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ.‘I always take the road.’
 
27.2A. Translate each into English.
1. YÁ¸ SEN TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE ḰO¸.
2. TXENEṈ E SW̱ ¸E TŦE SOȽ¸ ĆELÁ¸E ¸E Ṯ METULIYE?
3. TXENEṈ ȽTE SE¸ ¸E TŦE SOȽ¸ OX̱ ¸E Ṯ METULIYE.
4. SḴILEṈ ŦE NE TÁN TXENEṈ ¸E TŦE SOȽ.		27.2B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. We went by water.
2. Did you go through Tsawout to Sidney?
3. I’ll go by canoe to Goldstream.
4. I will get there by ferry.

This page has paths:

  1. 27 Paths Montler, et al.

This page has tags:

  1. 27 Paths Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 26.4. Home, inside, and outside
  2. 27.1. Source and destination