SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

61.4. Greeting and Leave Taking

43373 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes
Models
1)ÍY¸ SȻÁĆEL.‘Good day.’
2)ÁȽE¸ E SW̱ U¸ ÍY¸ OL¸?‘How are you?’
3)U¸ ÍY¸ SEN‘I’m well.’
4)TÁĆEL E SW̱?‘Did you get here?’
5)TÁĆELNOṈET SEN. ‘I managed to get here.’
6)H͸ÁȻE.‘Goodbye.’
7)HEL͸ÁȻE.‘Goodbye (to a group).’
8)H͸ÁȻE, SI¸ÁM¸.‘Goodbye, respected one.’
9)HELEYÁȻETW̱ SEN TŦE MEQ SÁN.‘I said goodbye to everyone.’
10)HÍYÁȻETEL TŦE SṮELIṮḴEȽ.‘The children said goodbye to each other.’

‣ 1 There is no word for ‘hello’ in SENĆOŦEN. Traditionally, according to Elsie Claxton, when SENĆOŦEN speakers got together, they just started talking.
‣ 2 The most common greeting used today that everyone associated with SENĆOŦEN knows is shown in model 1. This is literally ‘good day’ and is borrowed from the English expression. You can also use ÍY¸ ȻEĆIL¸ ‘Good morning’ and ÍY¸ TÁṈEN ‘Good evening.’ Even the L1 elders use these today.
‣ 3 Model 2 shows a frequently heard greeting. This construction begins with ÁȽE¸, which usually means ‘be here.’ On a direct yes/no question about personal information, this ÁȽE¸ adds a degree of politeness. It is grammatical to ask U¸ ÍY; E SW̱? ‘Are you well?’ It is just felt to be more polite to add the ÁȽE¸. Another example of how it is used is ÁȽE¸ E SW̱ ḴÁL¸NOṈES? ‘Are you mad at me?’
‣ 4 Model 3 is the usual reply to the question in model 2. You can also use ÁN¸ SEN U¸ ÍY¸ ‘I’m very well.’
‣ 5 Models 4 and 5 is a friendly exchange frequently heard when a speaker enters a room where he or she was expected. A person already in the rooms asks model 4, and the person arriving says model 5. The literal question and answer seem to be asking and stating something completely obvious, and that is what makes this exchange a conventional greeting.
‣ 6 Models 6 is a word that is well known among students of SENĆOŦEN. Although there is no word for ‘hello,’ there is certainly a word for ‘goodbye.’ H͸ÁȻE is an intransitive verb that can be pluralized following the regular rules (§41), as shown in model 7. And SI¸ÁM¸ can always be added as a marker of respect, as shown in model 8.
‣ 7 Both singular and plural forms are often pronounced without the glottal stop as HÍÁȻE and HELÍÁȻE.
‣ 8 Although H͸ÁȻE is an intransitive verb, it never takes a first-person or second-person subject. It can, however, be made transitive with the causative (§40) suffix as in model 9. And it can also take the -TEL ‘each other’ reciprocal suffix as in model 10. The first-person and second-person suffixes can be used when the causative or reciprocal suffixes are added to H͸ÁȻE.
 
ÍY¸ SȻÁĆEL, SI¸ÁM¸!
ÍY¸ SȻÁĆEL! ÁȽE¸ E SW̱ U¸ ÍY¸ OL¸?
ÁN¸ SEN U¸ ÍY¸. EMET SW̱ OL¸.
SQȺ Ȼ NE S¸EWE S YÁ¸.
H͸ÁȻE, SI¸ÁM¸.
H͸ÁȻE.

61.4A. Translate the ḰEL¸NEȻEL.

61.4B. This section really needs no special exercise. Just use these phrases everyday with everyone you meet.                         		 


 

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  1. 61 Politeness Expressions Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 40 Cause
  2. 41 Collective Plural