SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

61.3. ‘Excuse’ and ‘Sorry’

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Models
1)₭Á¸ELEX SW̱.‘Excuse me.’
2)₭Á¸ELEX SW̱ HÁLE.‘Excuse me (to a group).’
3)₭Á¸ELEX. YÁ¸ SEN SḴILEṈ.‘Excuse me. I'm going outside.’
4)ȾIW̱EṈ SW̱ I¸ ₭Á¸ELEX SW̱. ‘Please excuse me.’
5)ȾIW̱EṈ SW̱ EN¸ SU¸ ₭Á¸ELEX. ‘Please excuse me.’
6)ÁN¸ U¸ XEȽ TŦE NE ŚW̱ḰÁLEȻEN ‘I’m very sorry
      Ȼ NE STI₭NOṈE.      that I bumped you.’

‣ 1 The key word in models 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is ₭Á¸ELEX. This word means basically ‘look out, watch out.’ So, ₭Á¸ELEX SW̱ ȻE ȽIQSEN¸EW̱ means ‘Look out, you’ll trip.’
‣ 2 Used as in the models ₭Á¸ELEX is translated ‘excuse me’ and is not considered rude as ‘look out’ might be in English.
‣ 3 Model 1 could be used if you reach in front of someone or want to get by someone in your way. And model 2 would be perfectly polite and appropriate to use when trying to walk through a crowd of people.
‣ 4 Model 3 shows that ₭Á¸ELEX can be used as a sentence alone without the ‘look out, watch out’ interpretation.
‣ 5 Models 4 and 5 show how ₭Á¸ELEX can be combined with ȾIW̱EṈ (§61.1) to make an extra polite ‘excuse me please.’
‣ 6 There is no word in SENĆOŦEN that directly translates as ‘sorry.’ To apologize, use the pattern shown in model 6. The beginning ÁN¸ U¸ XEȽ TŦE NE ŚW̱ḰÁLEȻEN is literally ‘My mind is very hurt’ or ‘I feel very bad.’ To make it an apology, you have to add what you are sorry for in a Ȼ clause.
 
₭Á¸ELEX SW̱.‘Excuse me.’
LEKÁȽ E SEN?‘Am I in the way?’
HÁ¸E. SQȺ Ȼ NE SŚELEJ.‘Yes. I can’t go around.’
ÁN¸ U¸ XEȽ TŦE NE ŚW̱ḰÁLEȻEN ‘I’m very sorry
      Ȼ NE SLEKÁȽ.      that I’m in the way.’

61.3A. Write a new SENĆOŦEN based on each of the 6 models.

61.3B. Write an original SENĆOŦEN dialogue that uses ‘please,’ ‘thank you,’ ‘excuse me,’ and ‘sorry.’		 

 

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  1. 61 Politeness Expressions Montler, et al.

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  1. 61.1. ‘Please’