SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich Language Main Menu Contents Preface Acknowledgments PART 1 Introduction The organization of this grammar The Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language Family Basics of the SENĆOŦEN word Useful phrases PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds Consonants Vowels and Diphthongs Notes on Pronunciation PART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 2 Past and Future Tense 3 Basic Speech Acts 4 Nouns and Articles 5 Possessive Pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Basic Word Order 8 The Preposition 9 Serial Verbs 10 Auxiliaries 11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’ 12 No and Not 13 Self and Each Other 14 More Negative Words 15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’ 16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’ 17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions 18 Questions: ‘Whose?’ 19 Every, All, Any, and Some 20 Comparison 21 Questions: ‘When?’ 22 Numbers 23 Time Expressions 24 Time Prefixes 25 Questions: ‘Where?’ 26 Location Expressions 27 Paths 28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’ 29 Adverbial Expressions 30 Conditional Clauses 31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to 32 Object Pronouns 33 Passive 34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems 35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice 36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants 37 Lexical Suffixes 38 Questions: ‘Why?’ 39 Because 40 Cause 41 Collective Plural 42 The Actual Aspect 43 State, Result, and Duration 44 Activity Suffixes 45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle 46 Ȼ Clauses 47 Relative Clauses 48 Speech Act Modifiers 49 Possessed Verbs 50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ 51 So Then ... 52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes 53 Indirect Quotes 54 Verbal Prefixes 55 Nominalizing Prefixes 56 Adverbial Prefixes 57 More Demonstrative Articles 58 Objects of Intent and Emotion 59 More Reduplication Patterns 60 Interjections 61 Politeness Expressions 62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes 63 A Fully Annotated Text 64 Texts to Annotate Appendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN Sounds Appendix B: SENĆOŦEN Pronouns Appendix C: Demonstrative Articles Appendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin Terms Appendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic Topics Appendix F: Vocabulary Bibliography SENĆOŦEN Dictionary Basic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes

23.5. Next ... , last ... , and this ...

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Models
1)YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ ¸E TI¸Á SĆELÁNEṈ.‘I will go this year.’
2)YÁ¸ LE¸ SEN ¸E TI¸Á SĆELÁNEṈ.‘I went this year.’
3)YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ ¸E ȻSE NEȾE¸ SĆELÁNEṈ.‘I will go next year.’
4)YÁ¸ LE¸ SEN ¸E ȻSE NEȾE¸ SĆELÁNEṈ.‘I went last year.’
5)YÁ¸ LE¸ SEN ¸E ȻSE ĆESE¸ SĆELÁNEṈ.‘I went two years ago.’

‣ 1 In §2, the LE¸ ‘past’ and SE¸ ‘future’ markers were introduced. There it was pointed out that the past and future markers are not required if the context makes it clear when an event happened. Here, where the past and future markers make a big difference in meaning, they are required.
‣ 2 Models 1 and 2 have the time expression meaning ‘this year’ in an adverbial prepositional phrase, a pattern for time expressions that should be familiar by now. These first two models are straightforward. TI¸Á ‘this’ and SĆELÁNEṈ ‘year’ form the object of the preposition ¸E. The first part of each of those models form the basic sentences meaning ‘I will go’ and ‘I went.’
‣ 3 Looking at models 3 and 4, you can see that the adverbial prepositional phrases are the same while their English translations are different. In these two models, the difference between ‘next year’ and ‘last year’ is carried by the presence of SE¸ and LE¸ in the first part of each sentence.
‣ 4 The word NEȾE¸ in models 3 and 4 is the number ‘one.’ So model 3 could also be translated ‘I went one year ago,’ and model 4 could also be translated ‘I will go in one year.’ Model 5 shows that this pattern could be used for any number of years.
‣ 5 The words SENTI ‘week’ or ȽḴÁL¸J ‘month’ could be substituted for SĆELÁNEṈ with the expected change in meaning making this a very useful pattern.
‣ 6 New vocabulary:
               SĆELÁNEṈ      ‘year’
               SENTI              ‘week’
               ȽḴÁL¸J             ‘month’
 
ĆEN¸TÁṈ SE¸ Ȼ EN¸ SYÁ¸ OX̱ ṮEW̱LEMI?‘When will you go to Lummi?’
YÁ¸ SEN SE¸ ¸E TI¸Á XÁ¸XE¸ȽNÁT‘I’ll go this Sunday.’
YA¸ LE¸ SEN ¸E ȻSE SŦEṈNÁTS‘I went Tuesday.’
ÍY¸ E LE¸ SȻÁĆEL?‘Was it a good day?’
 
23.5A. Translate each into English.
1. QENNEW̱ SEN ¸E TI¸Á SȽKÁĆESS.
2. ȽÁU¸ NE SḴÁXE¸ ¸E ȻSE NEȾE¸ SĆELÁNEṈ.
3. IȾEṈ SEN SE¸ ¸E TŦE ȻEĆIL¸.
4. YÁ SEN SE¸ ¸E ȻSE NEȾE¸ ȽḴÁL¸J.		23.5B. Translate each into SENĆOŦEN.
1. It will fly next Wednesday.
2. I’ll see you next year.
3. Did you take it last Sunday?
4. He grew this year.

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  1. 23 Time Expressions Montler, et al.

Contents of this tag:

  1. 2 Past and Future Tense