SENĆOŦEN: A Grammar of the Saanich LanguageMain MenuContentsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPART 1 IntroductionThe organization of this grammarThe Place of SENĆOŦEN in the Salishan Language FamilyBasics of the SENĆOŦEN wordUseful phrasesPART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and SoundsConsonantsVowels and DiphthongsNotes on PronunciationPART 3 SENĆOŦEN Grammatical Patterns1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs2 Past and Future Tense3 Basic Speech Acts4 Nouns and Articles5 Possessive Pronouns6 Adjectives7 Basic Word Order8 The Preposition9 Serial Verbs10 Auxiliaries11 Conjunction: ‘And/with’ and ‘but/without’12 No and Not13 Self and Each Other14 More Negative Words15 Questions: ‘Who?,’ ‘What?,’ ‘Someone,’ ‘Something’16 Questions: ‘Do what?,’ ‘Say what?,’ and ‘Which one?’17 Subordinate Subjects in Questions18 Questions: ‘Whose?’19 Every, All, Any, and Some20 Comparison21 Questions: ‘When?’22 Numbers23 Time Expressions24 Time Prefixes25 Questions: ‘Where?’26 Location Expressions27 Paths28 Questions: ‘How?’ and ‘How much?’29 Adverbial Expressions30 Conditional Clauses31 Should, Must, Ought to, Want to32 Object Pronouns33 Passive34 Strong, Weak, and Zero Stems35 Participant Roles and Middle Voice36 Recipient, Beneficiary, and Other Participants37 Lexical Suffixes38 Questions: ‘Why?’39 Because40 Cause41 Collective Plural42 The Actual Aspect43 State, Result, and Duration44 Activity Suffixes45 Reflexive, Inchoative, and Noncontrol Middle46 Ȼ Clauses47 Relative Clauses48 Speech Act Modifiers49 Possessed Verbs50 Summary of Particles with Ȼ51 So Then ...52 Reporting Verbs and Direct Quotes53 Indirect Quotes54 Verbal Prefixes55 Nominalizing Prefixes56 Adverbial Prefixes57 More Demonstrative Articles58 Objects of Intent and Emotion59 More Reduplication Patterns60 Interjections61 Politeness Expressions62 Rare Prefixes and Suffixes63 A Fully Annotated Text64 Texts to AnnotateAppendix A: Technical Description of SENĆOŦEN SoundsAppendix B: SENĆOŦEN PronounsAppendix C: Demonstrative ArticlesAppendix D: SENĆOŦEN Kin TermsAppendix E: Index to Technical Linguistic TopicsAppendix F: VocabularyBibliographySENĆOŦEN DictionaryBasic SENĆOŦEN Dictionary without root and affix indexes
SENĆOŦEN Alphabet
12023-07-03T13:09:57-07:00Montler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101433731plain2023-07-03T13:09:58-07:00YouTube2021-09-24T19:01:18ZP_MOfGJ7b4wTsawout Language NestMontler, et al.1985d2520fc8efde4c2f92342f62d9a941749101
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12023-06-21T13:01:31-07:00PART 2 The SENĆOŦEN Alphabet and Sounds10plain14107612023-07-27T10:37:39-07:00The SENĆOŦEN alphabet was developed in the 1970’s by the late Dave Elliott, Sr., who was a native speaker of SENĆOŦEN from W̱JOȽEȽP. He realized that the language was endangered and that it was urgent that the remaining fluent speakers write down as much as they could, then teach it to the younger generations. His goal was to make a writing system that was logical, easy to learn, and easy to type. He wanted a system where one symbol represented one sound, so there would be no ‘sh’, ‘ch’, or ‘th’ as is used in English and some other Salishan languages. He also wanted a system where there would be no unusual characters like θ, ŋ, or ƛ̕ as in the standard phonetic alphabet used for many native North American languages.
Dave Elliot recognized that all of the W̱SÁNEĆ people of younger generations were growing up speaking English, and they could all read and write English. So, to make it easier for the younger people to learn the writing, he based his alphabet on the English writing system. He taught the alphabet to other SENĆOŦEN speaking elders, who began teaching it to younger generations. The alphabet has been highly successful. It achieves Dave Elliott’s goal of being easy to learn and use. It also mostly achieves his goal of one symbol for one sound. While there are no cases of two symbols for one sound, like ‘th,’ the alphabet does contain cases of one symbol for two sounds. See the section on vowels and diphthongs for details. This is the SENĆOŦEN alphabetical order:
A Á Ⱥ B C Ć Ȼ D E H I Í J K ₭ Ḵ Ḱ L Ƚ M N Ṉ O P Q S Ś T Ŧ Ⱦ Ṯ U W W̱ X X̱ Y
The following describes the sounds (phonemes) represented by the letters of the alphabet. You can hear all of these example words in this section. These are recordings of W̱SÁNEĆ elders Elsie Claxton, Chris Paul, Ivan Morris, Manson Pelkey, Anne Jimmy, Ray Sam, Mary Jack, Lou Claxton, Lavina Charles, and Helen Jack. See Appendix A for a technical description of the sounds and their International Phonetic Alphabet equivalents.