58.2. -TOW̱ ‘object of emotion’
Models
| 1) | I¸TOṈES E SW̱? | ‘Do you like me?’ |
| 2) | I¸TOṈES E SW̱ HÁLE? | ‘Do you folks like me?’ |
| 3) | I¸TOL¸W̱ E SW̱? | ‘Do you like us?’ |
| 4) | I¸TOL¸W̱ E SW̱ HÁLE? | ‘Do you folks like us?’ |
| 5) | I¸TOṈE SEN. | ‘I like you.’ |
| 6) | I¸TOṈE ȽTE. | ‘We like you.’ |
| 7) | I¸TOṈE SEN HÁLE. | ‘I like you folks.’ |
| 8) | I¸TOṈE ȽTE HÁLE. | ‘We like you folks.’ |
| 9) | I¸TOW̱ SEN. | ‘I like him/her/them.’ |
| 10) | I¸TOW̱ ȽTE. | ‘We like him/her/them.’ |
| 11) | I¸TOW̱ E SW̱? | ‘Do you like him/her/them?’ |
| 12) | I¸TOW̱ E SW̱ HÁLE? | ‘Do you folks like him/her/them?’ |
| 13) | I¸TOS. | ‘He/she like him/her/them.’ |
| 14) | I¸TOṈ SW̱. | ‘He/she likes you.’ |
| 15) | I¸TOṈ SEN. | ‘He/she likes me.’ |
‣ 1 The verb root in these models comes from the word ÍY¸ ‘good.’ The -TOW̱ suffix always takes the stress away from the root. When unstressed ÍY¸ becomes I¸. This is easier to see phonetically. I¸TOW̱ is phonetically /ʔiʔtáxʷ/ and ÍY¸ is /ʔə́y̕/. When unstressed the /ə/ drops (see points 8 and 10 in Notes on Pronunciation). When the /ə/ is deleted the /y̕/ becomes the nearest vowel /i/ and the glottalization on /y̕/ becomes /ʔ/. So the sequences is /ʔəy̕+táxʷ/ → /ʔy̕+táxʷ/ → /ʔiʔtáxʷ/.
‣ 2 The -TOW̱ suffix added to the stem creates a transitive verb with a direct object that the subject feels some emotion toward. In these models with the ÍY¸ ‘good’ root, the subject feels good toward the direct object. This translates most naturally into English ‘like.’
‣ 3 Another way of expressing the idea of ‘I like you’ is with the possessed verb shown in the models of §49. The difference between NE SṮI¸ SW̱ (model 1 in §49) and model 5 here is that SṮI¸ implies ‘want’ and ‘need’ as well as ‘like,’ while I¸TOW̱ implies ‘enjoy.’ I¸TOW̱ could be used in an imperative— I¸TOW̱ SW̱ TŦE EN¸ S¸IȽEN ‘Enjoy your food.’ Possessed verbs like SṮI¸ can never be used in an imperative.
‣ 4 The object suffixes that attach to the object of emotion transitivizer are the Ṉ-set, the same as those that attach to the noncontrol transitivizer (§32.2) and to the causatives (§40). As with those transitivizers, the W̱ drops when the object suffix is attached.
‣ 5 This suffix is commonly used, but it has been recorded on only two roots: ÍY¸, as shown in the models here to create I¸TOW̱, and XEȽ ‘hurt’ to create XEȽTOW̱ ‘feel bad for someone’ or ‘feel sorry for someone.’ You can express sympathy to someone with XEȽTOṈE SEN ‘I feel bad for you’ or ‘I feel sorry for you.’
 | XEȽTOW̱ SEN TŦE EN¸ SḴAXE¸. | ‘I feel sorry for your dog.’ |
 | X̱ENIṈ ȻEĆÁ? | ‘Why?’ |
| U¸ EWE Ȼ SṈEN¸S TŦE S¸IȽENS. | ‘It never has much food.’ |
| U¸ HÍ U¸ I¸TOW̱ TŦE SȾOM¸. | ‘It only likes bones.’ |
| 58.2A. Use the SENĆOŦEN dictionary to find four example sentences using the ‑TOW̱ ‘object of emotion’ transitivizer. Explain each of the words in each sentence. 58.2B. Write four original sentences in SENĆOŦEN using the ‑TOW̱ ‘object of emotion’ transitivizer. |