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Titishu-kghitluhl ("Deer Running") - Sarsi

29482 The Sarsi are an Athapascan tribe which prior to the nineteenth century came out of the far north, crossed the Saskatchewan, and becoming affiliated with the Algonquian confederacy of the Bloods, Blackfeet, and Piegan, became typical plainsmen, following the buffalo, engaging in horse-stealing raids, and in general adopting the religious practices of their allies. Old Sarsi, as the subject of this plate is colloquially known, was ninety-eight years of age when the photograph was made in 1925. In spite of his years, he was still agile and keen.

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Sarsi Erik Loyer
Contents of this path:
1. Titishu-kghitluhl ("Deer Running") - Sarsi The Sarsi are an Athapascan tribe which prior to the nineteenth century came out of the far north, crossed the Saskatchewan, and becoming affiliated with the Algonquian confederacy of the Bloods, Blackfeet, and Piegan, became typical plainsmen, following the buffalo, engaging in horse-stealing raids, and in general adopting the religious practices of their allies. Old Sarsi, as the subject of this plate is colloquially known, was ninety-eight years of age when the photograph was made in 1925. In spite of his years, he was still agile and keen.
2. A Sarsi camp
3. Placating the spirit of a slain eagle - Assiniboin
4. Typical female physiognomy - Sarsi
5. Ka'ni - Sarsi
6. A Sarsi tipi
7. A Sarsi woman
8. A Sarsi kitchen
List of Large Plates Supplementing Volume Eighteen Erik Loyer
Contents of this path:
1. A Chipewyan tipi among the aspens The Chipewyan are one of several Athapascan groups occupying the territory between the Hudson bay and the Rocky mountains, from about the fifty-seventh parallel to the Arctic circle. Much of this area is barren, but the streams that feed and drain the innumerable lakes are bordered by thick groves of the slender, white boles of aspens, whose pleasant glades are favored by camps of fishermen and berrypickers. The Chipewyan dwelling, formerly made of the skins of caribou, on which animal these people principally depended for food, clothing, and shelter, was one of the few points in which their culture resembled that of the plains Indians. Their distinctive garment was a leather or fur coat with skirts cut to a point before and behind, a feature to which the appellation Wichipwayaniwuk ("they pointed fur people"), the Cree original of Chipewyan, alluded.
2. Tsaaassi-mis-salla
3. Titishu-kghitluhl ("Deer Running") - Sarsi The Sarsi are an Athapascan tribe which prior to the nineteenth century came out of the far north, crossed the Saskatchewan, and becoming affiliated with the Algonquian confederacy of the Bloods, Blackfeet, and Piegan, became typical plainsmen, following the buffalo, engaging in horse-stealing raids, and in general adopting the religious practices of their allies. Old Sarsi, as the subject of this plate is colloquially known, was ninety-eight years of age when the photograph was made in 1925. In spite of his years, he was still agile and keen.
4. Muwu
5. A Sarsi camp
6. A Cree canoe on Lac Les Isles The Western Woods Cree, Bush Cree, Swampy Cree, or Maskegon, as they are variously known, are scattered in numerous bands through the wooded country north of the prairies between Hudson bay and the Peace river drainage. Other members of this large family inhabit the plains in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, and the country from Lake Winnipeg to Lakes Mistassini and Nitchequon in the Province of Quebec. They are members of the great Algonquian stock, and are closely related to the Chippewa. Lac les Isles, locally known as Big Island lake, is in west-central Saskatchewan, near the Alberta border. The canoe is a well-made craft of birch-bark.
7. A Cree girl
8. Moose hunter - Cree
9. Cree tipis
10. Moss for the baby-bags - Cree
11. A Cree
12. A Cree woman
13. A Cree camp at Lac les Isles
14. Chief Hector - Assiniboin The Assiniboin are an offshoot of the Yanktonai Sioux, from whom they separated prior to 1640. The southern branch has long been confined on a reservation in Montana, the northern is resident in Alberta. The latter is divided into two bands, which formerly ranged respectively north and south of Bow river, from the Rocky mountains out upon the prairies. Hector is chief of the southern band of the Canadian branch known locally as Bear's Paw band.
15. Assiniboin hunter
16. Kindling fire - Assiniboin
17. Assiniboin mother and child
18. Painted tipi - Assiniboin
19. Placating the spirit of a slain eagle - Assiniboin
20. Agichide - Assiniboin
21. Blackfoot country
22. A Blackfoot travois
23. Medicine-headdress - Blackfoot
24. Oksoyapiw - Blackfoot
25. Bear Bull - Blackfoot
26. Calf Child - Blackfoot
27. Blackfoot tipis
28. Fleshing a hide - Blackfoot
29. Bow River - Blackfoot
30. Lodge of the Horn Society - Blood
31. Sacred bags of the Horn Society - Blood
32. Makoyepuk
33. Apio-mita
34. Astanighkyi
35. Stsimaki
36. Soyaksin - Blood
Oto Erik Loyer
Contents of this path:
1. In Black Cañon - Apsaroke The Apsaroke, although not exclusively mountain dwellers, were ever fond of the hills, preferring the forest shade and the clear mountain streams to the hot ill-watered, monotonous prairies. The picture illustrates the Apsaroke custom of wearing at the back of the head a band from which fall numerous strands of false hair ornamented at regular intervals with pellets of bright-colored gum. Black Cañon is in the northern portion of the Bighorn mountains, Montana.
2. Yellow Kidney - Piegan
3. Evening on Puget Sound
4. Honovi - Walpi snake priest, with Totokya Day painting
5. Flute dancers at Tureva Spring The Flute dance is a religious ceremony concerned with bringing rain. It represents the legendary arrival of the Flute people in the Hopi country, their friendly encounter with the clans already there, and the rain-making rites subsequently performed by them for the common good. The episode here represented was photographed at Middle mesa. The individual seated near the right end is an albino, not a white man.
6. Datsolali, Washo basket-maker The coiled baskets produced by this woman have not been equalled by any Indian now living. Compare her work, shown in Plate 541, with the baskets of another woman as illustrated in Plate 542. The latter, seen alone, would be very excellent examples of Indian basketry, but their comparative coarseness is easily seen even in photographic reproduction. About ninety years old, Datsolali appears to be in the early sixties. She has the pride of a master in his craft, and a goodly endowment of artistic temperament. Persuading her to sit for a portrait is a task not to be lightly undertaken. Tatsolali (said to mean "big hips") is a nickname. Her proper name is Tabuta.
7. Ti'mu - Cochiti
8. Lucero - Santo Domingo Photographing a native of Santo Domingo is comparable to hunting big game with a camera. This pueblo measures its contentment inversely to the extent of unavoidable contact with the hated white race. A guard is detailed to watch the Catholic priest when he visits the village, and the Government has pursued the wise policy of detailing Indian teachers to the local school. The Santo Domingans long resisted the gratuitous digging of wells to be equipped with windmills, continue to deny their sick children the services of the Government physician, and resist the activities of census enumerators. There is no doubt that the death sentence would be past on any individual found guilty of revealing native practices, and if the priestly authorities learned that Lucero sold his likeness to a white man he doubtless had an unpleasant half hour.
9. Terraced houses of Zuni In the early eighties one of the house-groups of Zuni rose to a height of six well-defined stories. In 1903, when the photograph here reproduced was made, there were five stories. In 1910 a single apartment was four stories from the ground, but in 1919 this room was demolished. Note the bottomless pots forming chimneys, the wooden drain piercing the coping, the hemispherical oven of Spanish provenience on a roof.
10. Titishu-kghitluhl ("Deer Running") - Sarsi The Sarsi are an Athapascan tribe which prior to the nineteenth century came out of the far north, crossed the Saskatchewan, and becoming affiliated with the Algonquian confederacy of the Bloods, Blackfeet, and Piegan, became typical plainsmen, following the buffalo, engaging in horse-stealing raids, and in general adopting the religious practices of their allies. Old Sarsi, as the subject of this plate is colloquially known, was ninety-eight years of age when the photograph was made in 1925. In spite of his years, he was still agile and keen.
11. A Sarsi camp
12. Standing Two - Oto
13. Lone Chief - Oto
14. Wakonda - Oto
15. Pipe-stem - Oto
16. Old Eagle - Oto
17. Seeing High - Oto
18. Standing On The Earth - Oto
19. Oto puberty lodge
20. Wife of Wakonda - Oto
21. White Elk - Oto
22. A little Oto
Piegan Erik Loyer
Contents of this path:
1. Piegan
2. Morning Eagle - Piegan
3. Painted lodges - Piegan
4. Tearing Lodge - Piegan Pinokiminush is one of the few Piegan of advanced years and retentive memory. He was born about 1835 on Jusdith river in what is now northern Montana, and was found to be a valuable informant on many topics. The buffalo-skin cap is a part of his war costume, and was made and worn at the command of a spirit in a vision. The first fasting of Tearing Lodge for the sake of experiencing a vision is narrated by him in Volume VI, pages 79-81.
5. In a Piegan lodge Little Plume with his son Yellow Kidney occupies the position of honor, the space at the rear opposite the entrance. The picture is full of suggestion of the various Indian activities. In a prominent place lie the ever-present pipe and its accessories on the tobacco cutting-board. From the lodge-poles hang the buffalo-skin shield, the long medicine-bundle, an eagle-wing fan, and deerskin articles for accoutering the horse. The upper end of the rope is attached to the intersection of the lodge-poles, and in stormy weather the lower end is made fast to a stake near the centre of the floor space.
6. White Calf - Piegan Unistai-poka (White Buffalo-calf) died at Washington in 1903. He was then almost eighty years of age, and had been the chief of his tribe for about a generation. In 1855, being then known as Feather, he signed the treaty negotiated by Governor Stevens. As a warrior, White Calf was famous among the tribes, but with the passing of inter tribal warfare he devoted himself to working in peaceful ways for the good of his people. He was remarkable in the breadth of his judgement, and in the readiness with which he recognized, and adapted himself to, the changes which his people were obliged to face when the buffalo vanished. Kindly, benevolent, and gentle of nature, White Calf yet possessed a sturdy determination and independence that bullying and threats could not move. Yet if reasons were advanced which appealed to his judgement, he was quick to acknowledge error and to modify his views - George Bird Grinnell..
7. Two Bear Woman - Piegan
8. Double Runner - Piegan
9. Sun dance encampment - Piegan
10. Travaux - Piegan
11. Gambler - Piegan
12. At the water's edge - Piegan
13. Yellow Kidney - Piegan
14. Idle hour - Piegan
15. Grizzly-bear brave - Piegan At least two of the Piegan Warrior societies (the Braves and the All Brave Dogs) included in their membership two men known as Grizzly-bear Braves. It was their duty, at the time of the society dances, to provide their comrades with meat, which they appropriated wherever they could find it. Their expression and demeanor did justice to their name, and in their official capacity they were generally feared by the people. See Volume VI, pages 20-21.
16. Medicine-pipe - Piegan Medicine-pipes, of which the Piegan have many, are simply long pipe-stems variously decorated with beads, paint, feathers, and fur. Each one is believed to have been obtained long ago in some supernatural manner, as recounted in a myth. The medicine-pipe is ordinarily concealed in a bundle of wrappings, which are removed only when the sacred object is to be employed in healing sickness, or when it is to be transferred from one custodian to another in exchange for property. Such exchanges, occurring at intervals of a few years in the history of each pipe, are attended by much ceremony
17. New Chest - Piegan
18. Crow Eagle - Piegan
19. Middle Calf - Piegan
20. Weasel Tail - Piegan
21. Old person - Piegan
22. Bringing the sweat-lodge willows - Piegan
23. Iron Breast - Piegan
24. Piegan encampment
25. Piegan dandy
26. Three chiefs - Piegan
27. Titishu-kghitluhl ("Deer Running") - Sarsi The Sarsi are an Athapascan tribe which prior to the nineteenth century came out of the far north, crossed the Saskatchewan, and becoming affiliated with the Algonquian confederacy of the Bloods, Blackfeet, and Piegan, became typical plainsmen, following the buffalo, engaging in horse-stealing raids, and in general adopting the religious practices of their allies. Old Sarsi, as the subject of this plate is colloquially known, was ninety-eight years of age when the photograph was made in 1925. In spite of his years, he was still agile and keen.
28. Blackfoot country
29. Red Plume - Piegan
30. Piegan camp
31. Piegan lodge
32. Mountain chief - Piegan
33. Two Medicine River - Piegan
34. A prairie camp - Piegan
35. A buffalo-fall - Piegan
36. Piegan war-bonnet and coup-stick
37. Lodge interior - Piegan
38. The Grizzly-bear - Piegan
39. Camp in the foothills - Piegan
40. Piegan woman
41. Overlooking the camp - Piegan
42. A grave-house - Piegan
43. A Piegan home
44. Navel-amulets - Piegan
45. In the lodge - Piegan
46. Goldenrod meadows - Piegan
47. The crier - Piegan
48. Return to faster's lodge - Piegan
49. The pledger - Piegan
50. Return with willows - Piegan
51. Substitute sacred head-dress - Piegan
52. Piegan dancers
53. The Whistler - Piegan
54. The sun lodge - Piegan
55. Day-dreams - Piegan
56. Camp by a prairie lake - Piegan
57. Piegan girls
58. A child's lodge - Piegan
59. Buffalo-stones - Piegan
60. Medicine-bags - Piegan
61. Running Owl - Piegan
62. A Piegan woman
63. A Piegan play tipi
64. Frame of the sun-lodge - Piegan
65. Offerings in the sun-lodge - Piegan
66. Central post of the sun lodge - Piegan
67. A Piegan war-bonnet
68. A Piegan tipi