Cross-dressing in Shinjuku Ni-chōme and Transgender Culture in Japan
Outside of the small LGBT centered city districts in large urban areas the transgender community is invisible for most of Japan. While those who have had sex-reassignment surgery can change their legal gender the term "gender identity disorder" is still widely circulated. Furthermore the transgender community has criticized Japanese society for "rigid binary gender system that does not acknowledge that gender expression can be multiple and varied and is not reducible to simple categories of “male” or “female” (McLelland 16). Even the cross-dressing cafes do not include giving straight men the opportunity to explore their gender identity outside of the male/ female binary. Everyone who does not fit into stereotypical notions of what men and women should look like are only visible in the entertainment industry and the hardships that they face are not openly discussed. Similarly to the why gay men are portrayed in the media trans individuals are fetishized for their "hobbies" and only express their identity behind closed doors.
Mark McLelland, Japan's Queer Cultures, in Theodore and Victoria Bestor (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society, Routledge, New York, 2011,