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Performing Archive
Main Menu
Visualizing the “Vanishing Race”: the photogravures of Edward S. Curtis
Front Page for Visualizing the "Vanishing Race" path
Curtis' Image and Life: The Network of The North American Indian, Inc.
An experiment with data visualization approach to understand and contextualize Curtis' images and his life
Media, Technology and Mediations
Curtis's Technology, Relationships to Media and Style
Contextualizing Curtis, The North American Indian, and Race
the collection of essays from the contributors
Consulting with Tribes as Part of Archive Development
Introduction to Consulting with Tribes by Ulia Gosart
Contributing Archives
Information on how to participate in Performing Archive
Browsing the Media
A path of paths that allow users to cut through the collection in a variety of ways.
Acknowledgements and Project Information
Project Network
Jacqueline Wernimont
bce78f60db1628727fc0b905ad2512506798cac8
David J. Kim
18723eee6e5a79c8d8823c02b7b02cb2319ee0f1
Stephan Schonberg
23744229577bdc62e9a8c09d3492541be754e1ef
Amy Borsuk
c533a79d33d48cbf428e1160c2edc0b38c50db19
Beatrice Schuster
a02047525b31e94c1336b01e99d7f4f758870500
Heather Blackmore
d0a2bf9f2053b3c0505d20108092251fc75010bf
Ulia Gosart (Popova)
67c984897e6357dbeeac6a13141c0defe5ef3403
Kiva stairs, San Ildefonso
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
29482
1
Pueblo ceremonial chambers are known as kivas (the Hopi name) or estufas (the name applied to them by the Spaniards under the misapprehension that they were sudatories). They are circular or rectangular, wholly or partly subterranean, or simply cells in the communal structure that forms a pueblo. The character of the underlying soil or rock was probably the factor that determined the degree to which a kiva was made subterranean. The one here illustrated is mostly underground, and has a walled stair leading to the roof, which is surrounded by a parapet. Similar structures have been found in excavating ruined pueblos. (See Volume XVII, illustration facing page 68.
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
This page has paths:
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
List of Large Plates Supplementing Volume Seventeen
Erik Loyer
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Media Gallery
structured_gallery
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
Contents of this path:
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Sentinel - San Ildefonso
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In prehistoric times the Tewa were so beset by roving enemies that not a few of them, for purposes of defense, became cliff-dwellers. (See Volume XVII, illustrations facing pages 30,32.) With a watchman posted in a niche of the cliff or on a commanding elevation, there was little chance of an enemy surprising laborers in the cornfields.
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Povi-Tamu
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The flower concept is a favorite one in Tewa names, both masculine and feminine. The regular features of the comely Morning Flower are not exceptional, for most Tewa girls, and indeed most Pueblo girls, are not without attractiveness.
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Okuwa-tse
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On the Rio Grande - San Ildefonso
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The plate illustrates the native garb of Tewa women, a sleeveless, one piece, woollen dress, a woven belt, and white deerskin boots.
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Kiva stairs, San Ildefonso
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Pueblo ceremonial chambers are known as kivas (the Hopi name) or estufas (the name applied to them by the Spaniards under the misapprehension that they were sudatories). They are circular or rectangular, wholly or partly subterranean, or simply cells in the communal structure that forms a pueblo. The character of the underlying soil or rock was probably the factor that determined the degree to which a kiva was made subterranean. The one here illustrated is mostly underground, and has a walled stair leading to the roof, which is surrounded by a parapet. Similar structures have been found in excavating ruined pueblos. (See Volume XVII, illustration facing page 68.
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Fruit gatherer - San Ildefonso
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Among the valued gifts of the early Spanish priests was the peach. Every pueblo has its orchards of scrubby, twisted trees, which without cultivation yield fruit of small size but agreeable flavor.
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Offering - San Ildefonso
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A pinch of cornmeal tossed into the air as an offering to the numerous deities of the Tewa, but especially to the sun, is a formality that begins the day and precedes innumerable acts of the most commonplace nature.
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San Ildefonso pottery
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San Ildefonso possesses some very capable potters. The polished black vessel at the left represents a recent revival, under the stimulus of commercial encouragement, of an ancient phase of the potter's art, for it answers the description of black ware observed by Coronado's chronicles.
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Tablita dancers and singers - San Ildefonso
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The ceremony called Koheye-hyare ("tablita dance"), occurring in June and again in September, is characterized by public dancing and singing for the purpose of bringing rain-clouds. The name refers to wooden "tablets" worn by female dancers. (See Volume XVII, illustrations facing pages 56,60,62,64,66,68.) In the plate the performers are dancing in to the plaza, men and women alternating in pairs. At the right is the group of singers, their aged leader slightly in advance and the drummer at one side.
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In San Ildefonso
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Girl and jar - San Ildefonso
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Pueblo women are adept at balancing burdens on the head. Usually a vessel rests on a fibre ring, which serves to steady it and to protect the scalp. The design on the jar here illustrated recalls the importance of the serpent cult in Tewa life. (See Volume XVII, pages 19-24, 77-80.)
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In the gray morning - San Ildefonso
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A housewife fills her jar with a gourd ladle at a shallow pool. In the background is the Rio Grande at the season of high water, and in the distance is a rugged mesa.
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Offering to the sun - San Ildefonso
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From the threshing floor - San Juan
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Grain is threshed by the hoofs of horses or goats in the fashion of Biblical times. (See Volume XVI, illustration facing page 42.)
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Washing wheat - San Juan
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Threshed by the aid of animals and winnowed by tossing in the breeze, wheat is placed in loose-mesh baskets and submerged in the water of an acequia. Particles of earth are thus dissolved, and floating bits of straw and chaff are scooped off. After thoroughly drying in the sun, the grain is stored in bags.
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Street scene at San Juan
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Ambrosio Martinez - San Juan
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The original of this portrait could readily pass for an Indian of the southern plains. The influence of Plains blood is noticeable at all Tewa pueblos, and especially at San Juan, the most northerly of them. The typical Pueblo man is small-featured and of short to medium stature.
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San Juan pottery
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Gossiping - San Juan
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Offering at the waterfall - Nambe
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Feather offerings are deposited in numerous shrines, buried in the earth near the pueblo, and placed in springs, streams, and lakes, for the purpose of winning the favor of the cloud-gods.
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Tesuque buffalo dancers
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The Buffalo dance is performed, though the original object of exerting prenatural influence on the abundance and accessibility of the buffalo no longer prevails. The two male dancers are accompanied by the Buffalo Girl, who is fully clothed in native costume and has a pair of small horns on the head. These three give a very striking and dramatic performance under the watchful eye of the head of the hunters' society.
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Oyi
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Each Tewa pueblo is dominated by two native priests, the so-called caciques, one of whom is in charge of religious activities from the end of February to the middle of October, the other during the remainder of the year.
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Potter - Santa Clara
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The potter is polishing a vessel. The smooth pebbles used for this purpose are found in small heaps among or near deposits of fossil bones. They are the stomach pebbles of dinosaurs. Tewa women prize them highly, refuse to part with them, and foresee ill luck if one is lost.
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Pottery burners at Santa Clara
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Only with considerable practice can pottery be fired successfully. The vessels and the surrounding fuel of dry dung must be so placed, and the fire must be so controlled that, while perfect combustion takes place, high temperature shall not develop too quickly. Cracked and blackened ware is the penalty of inexperience and carelessness.
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Inscription rock
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Inscription Rock, or El Morro (The Castle), as the Spaniards called it, is a striking landmark on the ancient trail between Acoma and Zuni. Beginning with Juan de Onate, who passed here in April, 1605, on his return to the Rio Grande from "the south sea," Spanish explorers and the administrators recorded their names and dates on smooth surfaces of the cliff, which reveal also numerous Indian petroglyphs. (See Volume XVII, illustration facing page 88.) Two ancient ruined pueblos are found on the top of the rock.
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Zuni street scene
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Grinding medicine - Zuni
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Medicine and mineral pigments are ground in small stone mortars by means of a water-worn pebble.
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Zuni governor
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This portrait may well be taken as representative of the typical Pueblo physiognomy.
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Load of fuel - Zuni
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The Zuni tribe, now numbering twenty-two hundred, has been concentrated in the present pueblo and its farming villages for nearly two and a half centuries, and in the same valley for hundreds of years before. Only a people as frugal as all the Pueblos in the use of fuel could still have an available supply in a region so poorly provided by nature.
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Terraced houses of Zuni
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In the early eighties one of the house-groups of Zuni rose to a height of six well-defined stories. In 1903, when the photograph here reproduced was made, there were five stories. In 1910 a single apartment was four stories from the ground, but in 1919 this room was demolished. Note the bottomless pots forming chimneys, the wooden drain piercing the coping, the hemispherical oven of Spanish provenience on a roof.
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Zuni girls at the river
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Lutakawi, Zuni Governor
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Waihusiwa, a Zuni kyaqimassi
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Kyaqimassi ("house chief") is the title of the Shiwanni of the north, the most important of all Zuni priests. Waihusiwa in his youth spent the summer and fall of 1886 in the East with Franklin Hamilton Cushing, and was the narrator of much of the lore published in Cushing's Zuni Folk Tales. A highly spiritual man, he is one of the most steadfast of the Zuni priests upholding the traditions of the native religion.
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Zuni girl
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Zuni woman
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Bowls of food are often thus carried on the head with a woven yucca ring during an intermission in or following a ceremony, when the participants feast.
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Corner of Zuni
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The chamber at the left, with ladder-poles projecting from the hatchway, is the kiva of the north. Many dances are performed in the small plaza here shown. The dark material piled against one of the houses is sheep-dung for firing pottery.
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
Hopi
Erik Loyer
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Erik Loyer
f862727c4b34febd6a0341bffd27f168a35aa637
Contents of this path:
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Getting water - Havasupai
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The beautiful limpid Havasu flows the entire length of Cataract Cañon furnishing the Havasupai with ample water for irrigation and for domestic use. They carry the household supply of water in gummed wicker bottles held in place on the back by a burden strap passing across the forehead, in a manner similar to that of the Hopi.
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Buffalo dance at Hano
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The Buffalo dance at the Upper Rio Grande pueblos was lately introduced among the Hopi, who attach no religious significance to it.
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Hopi mother
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Hopi girl
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Soft, regular features are characteristic of Hopi young women, and no small part of a mother's time is used to be devoted to dressing the hair of her unmarried daughters. The aboriginal style is rapidly being abandoned, and the native one-piece dress here illustrated is seldom seen even at the less advanced of the Hopi pueblos.
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Evening in Hopi land
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Hopi woman
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Hopi maiden
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East side of Walpi
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Few illustrations of Hopi architecture show as much regularity as this view of a Walpi street.
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Hopi man
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In this physiognomy we read the dominant traits of Hopi character. The eyes speak of wariness, if not downright distrust. The mouth shows great possibilities of unyielding stubbornness. Yet somewhere in this face lurks an expression of masked warmheartedness and humanity.
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Hopi architecture
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The house-walls are about eighteen inches thick, and consist of fragments of sandstone, shaped by fracture but undressed, and bound together with mud plaster. The upper levels of the terraced buildings are reached by ladders and by stone steps.
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Flute dancers at Tureva Spring
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The Flute dance is a religious ceremony concerned with bringing rain. It represents the legendary arrival of the Flute people in the Hopi country, their friendly encounter with the clans already there, and the rain-making rites subsequently performed by them for the common good. The episode here represented was photographed at Middle mesa. The individual seated near the right end is an albino, not a white man.
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Kiva stairs, San Ildefonso
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Pueblo ceremonial chambers are known as kivas (the Hopi name) or estufas (the name applied to them by the Spaniards under the misapprehension that they were sudatories). They are circular or rectangular, wholly or partly subterranean, or simply cells in the communal structure that forms a pueblo. The character of the underlying soil or rock was probably the factor that determined the degree to which a kiva was made subterranean. The one here illustrated is mostly underground, and has a walled stair leading to the roof, which is surrounded by a parapet. Similar structures have been found in excavating ruined pueblos. (See Volume XVII, illustration facing page 68.
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Hopi architecture
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A Hopi flock
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Hopi bridal costume
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Hopi farmers, yesterday and today
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A Hopi woman
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A Hopi mother
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Tahopik, Diomede
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