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Pine Ridge Reservation

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The Pine Ridge Reservation in rural South Dakota, home to the Oglala Lakota Nation, offers a stark reality of the connection between poor housing and poor health outcomes among Native Americans. Covering 2.1 million acres and housing nearly 19,000 residents (as of the 2010 census), Pine Ridge Reservation has the lowest per capita income in the country and contains the poorest county (Oglala Lakota County) in the nation. Not surprisingly, a 2020 study found that Oglala Lakota County ranked last for health outcomes (length and quality of life) and health factors (behaviors, clinical care, social and economic factors, and physical environment) in the state of South Dakota.

The average life expectancy on Pine Ridge is 66.81 years, the lowest in the United States. Other statistics, attributed to the Pine Ridge hospital, cite an average life expectancy for men of just 47 years. Women fare slightly better, with an average life expectancy of 55 years.

Statistics on health outcome discrepancies produced by the Oglala Lakota Tribe are startling:

Tuberculosis rate is 800% higher than America as a whole
Infant mortality rate is 300% higher than America as a whole
Teen suicide rate is 150% higher than America as a whole
Approximately 85% of Lakota families are affected by alcoholism

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Native American Housing: How Poor Housing Harms Indigenous Health Trisha A Bonham
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Homelessness Trisha A Bonham
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1. Race, Repressive State Apparatus, and Homelessness
2. Native American Housing: How Poor Housing Harms Indigenous Health
3. Pine Ridge Reservation
4. Pets & Housing: It's "Ruff" - Introduction In 2022, over 70% of U.S. households own a pet , which means that 7 in 10 families take their pets into consideration when moving, buying or renting a home, or otherwise arranging their living situations. The following pages will explore 3 topics surrounding housing and pet ownership—inequalities surrounding how a pet owner’s race and/or age affect their access to quality housing; emotional support animals and their hotly-contended place in the rental market; and homelessness and pet ownership.
5. Pets & Homelessness In the United States, over 552,000 people experience homelessness on any given night, and, of those, up to 25% own a pet. With the social benefits of pet ownership, people experiencing homelessness also face increased vulnerability: losing one’s pet prematurely to death or rehoming could lead to mental health crises, and pet ownership was often viewed as a barrier to health and social services, housing access, and employment opportunities.
6. Pets & Housing: It's "Ruff" by Katie Cline
Reservation Rene Oswald Ayala
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Illness Trisha A Bonham
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Infrastructure Trisha A Bonham
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Poverty Rene Oswald Ayala
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Mental Illness Trisha A Bonham
Contents of this tag:
1. Race, Repressive State Apparatus, and Homelessness
2. Native American Housing: How Poor Housing Harms Indigenous Health
3. Indigenous Health Issues
4. Pets & Housing: It's "Ruff" - Introduction In 2022, over 70% of U.S. households own a pet , which means that 7 in 10 families take their pets into consideration when moving, buying or renting a home, or otherwise arranging their living situations. The following pages will explore 3 topics surrounding housing and pet ownership—inequalities surrounding how a pet owner’s race and/or age affect their access to quality housing; emotional support animals and their hotly-contended place in the rental market; and homelessness and pet ownership.
5. Pine Ridge Reservation
6. Emotional Support Animals & Mental Health “ESAs are protected by law, but critics argue the system is being exploited by pet owners without genuine mental health problems.” These opening lines from a 2019 report by the British newspaper The Guardian about the emotional support animal (ESA) “epidemic” in America succinctly summarizes the conflict at the center of a rising debate about the prevalence of mental illness among pet owners. This page explores the benefits that owning a pet can have for a person's mental health as well as the barriers pet ownership creates for finding housing for those with mental health problems.
7. Pets & Housing: It's "Ruff" by Katie Cline
Health Trisha A Bonham
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Native American Trisha A Bonham
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Rural Rene Oswald Ayala
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Overcrowding Rene Oswald Ayala
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