Bibliography
Aby, Stephen H. “Discretion Over Valor: The AAUP During the McCarthy Years.” American Educational History Journal 36 (2009): 121-132. Accessed on ProQuest database.
Anderson, C.J., John Guy Fowlkes, and Walter Wittich. “See Here!” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, No. 1 (1945): 5,7. Accessed January 5, 2016, http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n7/mode/2up.
Baughman, James L. “Who Read LIFE? The Circulation of America’s Favorite Magazine.” Looking at LIFE Magazine. Edited by Erika Doss (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), 41-51.
Blair, Jack. “A History of Tulsa Annexation.” Report. Tulsa City Council, 2004.
http://www.tulsacouncil.org/media/79331/Annexation%20History.pdf
Deery, Philip. “’Running with the Hounds’: Academic McCarthyism and New York University, 1952-1953.” Cold War History 10 (2010): 469-492. Accessed on EBSCOhost database 1/25/2016.
Doss, Erika. “Introduction.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 1-21. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 27, n. 4
(1947): 181 http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree25chicrich#page/214/mode/2up
Engelhardt, Tom. “The Haunting of Childhood.” The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation, 133 – 154. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995.
Engelhardt, Tom. “Triumphalist Despair.” The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation, 1-15. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995.
“Freedom to Learn.” Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 33, no.6 (Summer, 1954): 228. http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree33chicrich#page/n219/mode/2up.
“Freedom to Learn.” Film. Directed by Irving Rusinow. 1954. Agrafilms Production. https://archive.org/details/freedom_to_learn
Gibson, Raymond. “Beginning Geography- Foundation for International Understanding.” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1, (1945): 16-17. Accessed January 5, 2016, http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n23/mode/2up.
Hales, Peter Bacon. “Imaging the Atomic Age.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 103 – 119. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
Hanson, David E., “Home Front Casualties of War Mobilization: Portland Public Schools 1941-1945” Oregon Historical Quarterly Vol 96 no 2/3 (1995):192-225, accessed January 20th, 2016
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20614650
Hartman, Andrew. Education and the Cold War: The Battle for the American School. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008.
Hartman, Andrew. “From Hot War to Cold War for Schools and Teenagers: The Life Adjustment Movement as Therapy for the Immature.” Education and the Cold War: The Battle for the American School, 55 - 72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Kaledin, Eugenia. Daily Life in the United States, 1940-1959: Shifting Worlds. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.
Kim, Seon-Mee, “The Status of Social Studies Curriculum for World Understanding After the World War II: 1945-1950” American Educational History Journal vol. 28 (2001): 227-230 accessed January 5, 2016 http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED474155.pdf
Kozol, Wendy. “Documenting the Ordinary: Photographic Realism and LIFE’s families.” LIFE’s America: Family and Nation in Postwar Photojournalism, 1-18. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.
Kozol, Wendy. “Looking at LIFE: A Historical Profile in Photojournalism.” LIFE’s America: Family and Nation in Postwar Photojournalism, 19-50. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.
Leen, Nina. “Teen-Age Boys: Faced with War, they are just the same as they have always been.” LIFE Magazine: June 11, 1945: 91-97. Google Books. Accessed February 18, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=_EkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA91&dq=LIFE%20June%201945&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Leen, Nina. “Teen-Age Girls: They Live in a Wonderful World of Their Own” LIFE Magazine: December 11, 1944: 91-99. Google Books. Accessed January 21, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=10EEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA9 1#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Leen, Nina. “Tulsa Twins: They Show How Much the Teen-Age World has Changed.” LIFE Magazine: August 4, 1947: 77-82. Google Books. Accessed January 7, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=1U0EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA77#v= twopage&q&f=false.
Marling, Karal Ann. “Mamie Eisenhower’s New Look.” As Seen of TV: The Visual Culture of Everyday Life in the 1950s, 8-47. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press, 1994.
May, Elaine Tyler. “Explosive Issues: Sex, Woman, and the Bomb.” Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, 89-108. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
May, Elaine Tyler. “Introduction.”Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, 1-18. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
Miller, Donald. “Program 23: The Fifties/From War to Normalcy.” Video, Fred Barzyk (2000; WGBH Education Foundation.). Online
Video. https://www.learner.org/series/biographyofamerica/prog23/transcript/index.html
Mintz. S. & S. McNeil. “The Cold War.” Digital History. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3401.
Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. “Social Changes During the War.” Digital History. Accessed February 13, 2016.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3493.
Morgan, David. The Lure of Images: A History of Religion and Visual Media in America. London: Routledge, 2007.
“New Biology Film Helps Girls.” Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 27, n. 4
(1947):215. http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree25chicrich#page/214/mode/2up
Pomerantz, James. “The Surreal World of Nina Leen.” The New Yorker: April 11,
2013. Accessed January 11, 2016. http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-surreal-world-of-nina-leen.
Rakestraw, Boyd B., “ Proposed Objectives of the Department of Visual Instruction of the N.E.A. 1945-46” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 59-60
Ravitch, Diane, Left Back: A Century of Battles Over School Reform (Simon and Schuster, 2001): 323-326, accessed January 21, 2016
Ravitch, Diane, The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1985): 7-18, accessed January 5, 2016
Schrum, Kelly. Some Wore Bobby Sox: The Emergence of Teenage Girls’ Culture 1920-1945. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
Solinger, Rickie. “The Smutty Side of LIFE: Picturing Babes as Icons of Gender Differences in the Early 1950s.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 201-219. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
“The Peace Builders- Film Preview” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 69, Accessed January 5, 2016 http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n75/mode/2up
Toledano, Sidney. “The New Look, A Legend.” The Story of Dior: The New Look Revolution. La Maison Dior. Accessed January 20, 2016. http://www.dior.com/couture/en_us/the-house-of-dior/the-story-of-dior/the-new-look-revolution.
Wendt, Paul, “Viewing the New in Audio-Visual Education” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 81-86
Wilson, Lewis A., ‘The Effect of the Smith-Hughes Act in an Industrial State” Lessons of the War The States and The Smith-Hughes Act- National Society for Vocational Education, no. 28 (1919): 58-62, accessed January 21, 2016
Anderson, C.J., John Guy Fowlkes, and Walter Wittich. “See Here!” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, No. 1 (1945): 5,7. Accessed January 5, 2016, http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n7/mode/2up.
Baughman, James L. “Who Read LIFE? The Circulation of America’s Favorite Magazine.” Looking at LIFE Magazine. Edited by Erika Doss (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), 41-51.
Blair, Jack. “A History of Tulsa Annexation.” Report. Tulsa City Council, 2004.
http://www.tulsacouncil.org/media/79331/Annexation%20History.pdf
Deery, Philip. “’Running with the Hounds’: Academic McCarthyism and New York University, 1952-1953.” Cold War History 10 (2010): 469-492. Accessed on EBSCOhost database 1/25/2016.
Doss, Erika. “Introduction.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 1-21. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 27, n. 4
(1947): 181 http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree25chicrich#page/214/mode/2up
Engelhardt, Tom. “The Haunting of Childhood.” The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation, 133 – 154. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995.
Engelhardt, Tom. “Triumphalist Despair.” The End of Victory Culture: Cold War America and the Disillusioning of a Generation, 1-15. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995.
“Freedom to Learn.” Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 33, no.6 (Summer, 1954): 228. http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree33chicrich#page/n219/mode/2up.
“Freedom to Learn.” Film. Directed by Irving Rusinow. 1954. Agrafilms Production. https://archive.org/details/freedom_to_learn
Gibson, Raymond. “Beginning Geography- Foundation for International Understanding.” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1, (1945): 16-17. Accessed January 5, 2016, http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n23/mode/2up.
Hales, Peter Bacon. “Imaging the Atomic Age.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 103 – 119. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
Hanson, David E., “Home Front Casualties of War Mobilization: Portland Public Schools 1941-1945” Oregon Historical Quarterly Vol 96 no 2/3 (1995):192-225, accessed January 20th, 2016
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20614650
Hartman, Andrew. Education and the Cold War: The Battle for the American School. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2008.
Hartman, Andrew. “From Hot War to Cold War for Schools and Teenagers: The Life Adjustment Movement as Therapy for the Immature.” Education and the Cold War: The Battle for the American School, 55 - 72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Kaledin, Eugenia. Daily Life in the United States, 1940-1959: Shifting Worlds. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.
Kim, Seon-Mee, “The Status of Social Studies Curriculum for World Understanding After the World War II: 1945-1950” American Educational History Journal vol. 28 (2001): 227-230 accessed January 5, 2016 http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED474155.pdf
Kozol, Wendy. “Documenting the Ordinary: Photographic Realism and LIFE’s families.” LIFE’s America: Family and Nation in Postwar Photojournalism, 1-18. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.
Kozol, Wendy. “Looking at LIFE: A Historical Profile in Photojournalism.” LIFE’s America: Family and Nation in Postwar Photojournalism, 19-50. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.
Leen, Nina. “Teen-Age Boys: Faced with War, they are just the same as they have always been.” LIFE Magazine: June 11, 1945: 91-97. Google Books. Accessed February 18, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=_EkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA91&dq=LIFE%20June%201945&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Leen, Nina. “Teen-Age Girls: They Live in a Wonderful World of Their Own” LIFE Magazine: December 11, 1944: 91-99. Google Books. Accessed January 21, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=10EEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA9 1#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Leen, Nina. “Tulsa Twins: They Show How Much the Teen-Age World has Changed.” LIFE Magazine: August 4, 1947: 77-82. Google Books. Accessed January 7, 2016. https://books.google.com/books?id=1U0EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA77#v= twopage&q&f=false.
Marling, Karal Ann. “Mamie Eisenhower’s New Look.” As Seen of TV: The Visual Culture of Everyday Life in the 1950s, 8-47. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press, 1994.
May, Elaine Tyler. “Explosive Issues: Sex, Woman, and the Bomb.” Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, 89-108. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
May, Elaine Tyler. “Introduction.”Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era, 1-18. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
Miller, Donald. “Program 23: The Fifties/From War to Normalcy.” Video, Fred Barzyk (2000; WGBH Education Foundation.). Online
Video. https://www.learner.org/series/biographyofamerica/prog23/transcript/index.html
Mintz. S. & S. McNeil. “The Cold War.” Digital History. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3401.
Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. “Social Changes During the War.” Digital History. Accessed February 13, 2016.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3493.
Morgan, David. The Lure of Images: A History of Religion and Visual Media in America. London: Routledge, 2007.
“New Biology Film Helps Girls.” Educational Screen: The Audio-Visual Magazine 27, n. 4
(1947):215. http://www.archive.org/stream/educationalscree25chicrich#page/214/mode/2up
Pomerantz, James. “The Surreal World of Nina Leen.” The New Yorker: April 11,
2013. Accessed January 11, 2016. http://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-surreal-world-of-nina-leen.
Rakestraw, Boyd B., “ Proposed Objectives of the Department of Visual Instruction of the N.E.A. 1945-46” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 59-60
Ravitch, Diane, Left Back: A Century of Battles Over School Reform (Simon and Schuster, 2001): 323-326, accessed January 21, 2016
Ravitch, Diane, The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1985): 7-18, accessed January 5, 2016
Schrum, Kelly. Some Wore Bobby Sox: The Emergence of Teenage Girls’ Culture 1920-1945. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
Solinger, Rickie. “The Smutty Side of LIFE: Picturing Babes as Icons of Gender Differences in the Early 1950s.” Looking at LIFE Magazine, edited by Erika Doss, 201-219. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.
“The Peace Builders- Film Preview” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 69, Accessed January 5, 2016 http://www.archive.org/stream/see194546hearjournaloneaucrich#page/n75/mode/2up
Toledano, Sidney. “The New Look, A Legend.” The Story of Dior: The New Look Revolution. La Maison Dior. Accessed January 20, 2016. http://www.dior.com/couture/en_us/the-house-of-dior/the-story-of-dior/the-new-look-revolution.
Wendt, Paul, “Viewing the New in Audio-Visual Education” See and Hear: The Journal on Audio-Visual Learning 1, no. 1 (1945): 81-86
Wilson, Lewis A., ‘The Effect of the Smith-Hughes Act in an Industrial State” Lessons of the War The States and The Smith-Hughes Act- National Society for Vocational Education, no. 28 (1919): 58-62, accessed January 21, 2016
Pages
-
About
This page describes the methodology behind the developed. Team member introduction -
Why Use Film in the Classroom
Advantages of films -
Bibliography
-
Culture Constructed?
Some Closing Thoughts -
Educational Screen Review for "Freedom to Learn"
This review of the educational film "Freedom to Learn" appeared in the Summer 1954 issue of Educational Screen: The Audio Visual Magazine -
The Educational Screen Review of "The Story of Menstruation"
New Film Helps Girls -
Films in the Classroom
New Film Helps Girls -
"Freedom to Learn" Film
"Freedom to Learn" by Agrafilms 1954 -
How Did We Get Here?
Examining the roots of Audio-Visual Education -
Constructing a Culture
Introduction: A Snapshot in Time -
Life Adjustment Movement
Philosophy of education in which students are "adjusted" to American life. -
Creating a Visual Culture through Print Media
In the Beginning: A Brief History of LIFE Magazine -
Visualizing Social Norms
Gender Identity in "Tulsa Twins" -
McCarthyism in Education
How McCarthyism leaked into American Education -
Teenhood through Nina Leen's Camera Lens
Capturing the Lives of Teenagers in the 1940s -
Post War Teen Tuning
The Building Blocks of Visual Culture -
Primary Source Gallery
A gallery of the primary source material used for this project. -
See and Hear!
Incorporating Audio-Visual Education into the Classroom -
Sensible Schooling
Setting the Stage for Visual Culture -
Table of Contents
-
"Tulsa Twins: They Show how much the Teen-Age World has Changed"
Nina Leen, photojournalist for LIFE magazine traces the life of teenager twin girls, -
Constructing a Culture
Title Page -
Visualizing Fashion
Historical Analysis of the "New Look"
Media
-
Freedom To Learn
This film was provided by the Prelinger Archives collection under the Creative Commons License (Public Domain). -
1940's Hairstyle
Their hair is what they like to fuss over most. Betty and Barbara and their friends wear it shoulder-length and, where the 1944 teen-ager brushed her hair each night, they have turned to using the comb. Hair is washed regularly at least once a week and combed everywhere and as often as the girls can manage it. -
april 47
april47 -
Background
Deconstructed Background (Neutral) -
Background Paper
-
The Changing Style of Fashion
Contrasts in teen-age clothes are shown by Betty Bounds (right), wearing a dainty 1947 outfit, while Barbara poses in sloppy get-up of 1944 teen-ager. -
Blue Background
Blue Background -
Bored Kids
-
Camera 2
Camera 2 -
Camera 3
B & W -
Chores: It's a Girl Thing
Chores are receiving new respect, for 1947 teen-agers think of marriage much more seriously than their wartime equivalents did. Note the frilliness of Betty's shorts. -
Democracy vs Communism
Characteristics of Democracy listed with characteristics of Communism -
The Educational Review of The Story of Menstruation
-
Review part 2
Review part 2 -
Feminine, Frilly, Full-Skirted Finery
Finery is inclined to be frilly, like this full-skirted evening dress of Betty's. Girls also consider it to be more feminine to wear flowers in their hair than on the shoulder. -
FILM "Projector"
-
"Freedom to Learn"
This is a review of the educational film "Freedom to Learn" which describes the film, the questions of academic freedom it addresses, and how to get a copy of the film. -
LIFE Magazine
Title Logo -
Motor Scooter Fun
Barbara whizzes around on the motor scooter with Bobby Vincent. In 1947, Tulsa teens are exchanging their jalopies for motor scooters. -
Mrs. Orin Facing School Board Screenshot
Mrs. Orin facing the school board panel. -
PDF
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Student Project Screenshot "Freedom to Learn"
Students work on Labor and Management project in "Freedom to Learn." -
See Hear!
Letter from the Editors -
Students in Mrs. Orin's Class
Screenshot of students in Mrs. Orin's Class -
Teen-Age Boys: Faced with war, they are just the same as they have always been
Tom Moore, 17, of Des Moines, examines results of first shave, necessity for which only he could see. Most teen-age boys prefer safety to electric razor. -
Teen-Age Boys: Faced with War, they are Just the Same as they have Always Been
Page 91 of 1945 photo-story -
Teen-Age Girls: They Live in a Wonderful World of their Own
Gang of teen-agers push boyfriend's Model T to get it started. Car is 17 years old and can hold 12 boys and girls. Favorite ride is out to football game. -
Teen-Age Girls: They Live in a Wonderful World of their Own
Page 91 of 1944 photo-essay -
Teen girl
teen girl -
Saturday Night Dance Party
At a party, teen-agers of the Bounds twins' set munch doughnuts and sip cokes whenever they are not dancing with serious faces to sentimental music. At right, Barbara dances with Jimmy Dick. -
TeenTuning Header
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Tulsa Twins (77)
Introductory Photograph (77) LIFE Magazine; 1947-08-04 -
Tulsa Twins (78-79)
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Tulsa Twins (80-81)
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Tulsa Twins (82)
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VC
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Vintage Camera
Vintage Camera -
The Story of Menstruation
The Story of Menstruation is a 1946 10-minute animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions in 1946. It was commissioned by the International ...