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Will the Circle Be Unbroken?: The Sacred Music of the African American Diaspora Main Menu Will the Circle Be Unbroken? The Sacred Music of the African American Diaspora Enter the Exhibit What is African American Sacred Music? From Spirituals to Soul Songs of the Underground Railroad The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers Women and Worship Music of the Revolution: Sacred Music and Protest Gospel Roots: African American Churches in Los Angeles Albert J. McNeil The Albert McNeil Jubilee Singers Jester Hairston Don Lee White Hansonia Caldwell Opening the Exhibit What’s a Music Exhibit without the music? Take an audio journey through the CSUDH Sacred Music Archives collections Sign our Guest Book! Gerth Archives and Special Collections, California State University Dominguez Hills

Exhibit 02- The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers

37308 The tradition of the concert spiritual – a more formal, arranged version of the songs sung by slaves – began with the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The popularity of the Fisk Singers and the warm reception of their music inspired other choirs to follow in their footsteps. The concert spiritual tradition continues at many historically black colleges, churches, and community choirs today. African American composers, past and present, who are masters of the concert spiritual include John Wesley Work, Jr. R. Nathaniel Dett, Hall Johnson, Jester Hairston, and Moses Hogan. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Domniguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.

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Enter the Exhibit Beth McDonald
Contents of this tag:
1. Exhibit 05- Don Lee White case This case features the life and works of noted composer, conductor, and arranger Don Lee White. Among his many achievements, White was the music minister at Grant African Methodist Episcopal Church for almost 40 years and the founder of the dlw Community Chorale. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Dominguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
2. Exhibit 02- The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers The tradition of the concert spiritual – a more formal, arranged version of the songs sung by slaves – began with the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The popularity of the Fisk Singers and the warm reception of their music inspired other choirs to follow in their footsteps. The concert spiritual tradition continues at many historically black colleges, churches, and community choirs today. African American composers, past and present, who are masters of the concert spiritual include John Wesley Work, Jr. R. Nathaniel Dett, Hall Johnson, Jester Hairston, and Moses Hogan. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Domniguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
3. Exhibit 01 - opening reception panorama
4. Exhibit 03- Gospel Roots case The church has been a center of African American life since the earliest congregations were established in the 1700s and has also often been the center of the community’s musical traditions. This legacy was brought to California by ministers who arrived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from states that had strong African-American communities steeped in the musical culture of the African diaspora. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Dominguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
5. Exhibit 08 - Jester Hairston
6. Exhibit 09- The Albert McNeil Jubilee Singers Part 1
7. Exhibit 07- The Evolution of African American Music This case contains books and albums that record a wide cross section of African American music and the musicians who popularized them from spirituals through gospel, ragtime, jazz, and modern pop. The artists in this case were trailbreakers for the musicians that came after them, making music so extraordinary it was impossible to ignore, regardless of race. Many of the modern variations of these genres are made up of earlier forms that have been merged and remixed, creating new styles for old stories. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Dominguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
8. Exhibit 14- Hansonia Caldwell
9. Exhibit 04- Women and Worship case African American women have always been significant contributors to sacred music in all arenas from composition to performance, though their accomplishments are sometimes overshadowed by their male counterparts. In studying their achievements as part of a larger whole, we can truly celebrate and appreciate the scope of the impact that they have had. These women rewrote the songbook of African American sacred music, changing the musical landscape and leaving a legacy for future generations. Part of the "will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Dominguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
10. Exhibit 13- Songs of the Underground Railroad and Harriet Tubman
11. Exhibit 06- Wall of Music
12. Exhibit 12 - Albert McNeil case Side 2
13. Exhibit 11 - Albert McNeil case Side 1
14. Exhibit 15 - Hansonia Caldwell
15. Exhibit 10- The Albert McNeil Jubilee Singers Part 2
The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers Beth McDonald
Contents of this tag:
1. Exhibit 02- The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers The tradition of the concert spiritual – a more formal, arranged version of the songs sung by slaves – began with the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The popularity of the Fisk Singers and the warm reception of their music inspired other choirs to follow in their footsteps. The concert spiritual tradition continues at many historically black colleges, churches, and community choirs today. African American composers, past and present, who are masters of the concert spiritual include John Wesley Work, Jr. R. Nathaniel Dett, Hall Johnson, Jester Hairston, and Moses Hogan. Part of the "Will the Circle Be Unbroken" exhibit at California State University Domniguez Hills. Photo by Beth McDonald, February 2020.
2. Albert McNeil and the choir of People's Independent Church
3. The Shambrey Chorale
4. Chicago's Famous Williams Jubilee Singers
5. Cabinet Card of the Fisk Jubilee Singers
6. 2019 Fisk Jubilee Singers
7. Fisk Jubilee Singers Gold and Blue Album

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The Legacy of the Fisk Jubilee Singers The Fisk Jubilee Singers were instrumental in preserving the unique American musical tradition known today as spirituals. In 1866, Fisk University was founded in Nashville, Tennessee as the first American university to offer a liberal arts education to “young men and women irrespective of color.” By 1871, the five-year-old university was facing serious financial difficulty. To avert bankruptcy and closure, Fisk's treasurer and music director, George L. White gathered a nine-member student chorus, consisting of four black men (Isaac Dickerson, Ben Holmes, Greene Evans, Thomas Rutling) and five black women (Ella Sheppard, Maggie Porter, Minnie Tate, Jennie Jackson, Eliza Walker) to go on tour to earn money for the university.

The Jubilee Singers' performances were a departure from the familiar "black minstrel" genre of white musicians' performing in blackface and early performances were met with confusion and hostility. As the tour continued, audiences came to appreciate the singers' voices, and the group began to be praised. In early 1872 the group performed at the World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival in Boston, and for President Ulysses S. Grant at the White House in March of that year.

In a tour of Great Britain and Europe in 1873, the group, by then with 11 members, performed for Queen Victoria. The queen, fascinated by the singers, commissioned a massive portrait of them which still hangs in the university’s Jubilee Hall. They continued to tour and perform and between 1875 and 1878 raised an estimated $150,000 for the university.

The Jubilee Singers are credited with the early popularization of the Negro spiritual tradition among white and northern audiences; many were previously unaware of its existence. They broke racial barriers in the US and abroad in the late 19th century and influenced many other troupes of jubilee singers who would go on to make their own contributions to the genre, such as the Original Nashville Students, Chicago’s Williams Jubilee Singers, and the Los Angeles- based Albert McNeil Jubilee Singers. The Jubilee Singers perform to this day. In 2017, they were inducted into the Gospel Hall of Fame.

Hear the Fisk Jubilee Singers perform "I Couldn't Hear Nobody Pray" and "Rockin' Jerusalem"