When was this made?
This painting was produced between the years 1260 and 1285. Essentially, it was made well after the fourth crusade which concluded in 1204. Even though the Crusades ended fifty-five years prior, this piece demonstrates the lingering Byzantine values that were present and still relevant in Western Europe.
Specifically, icons were brought to Western Europe after the fall of Constantinople (1204). There was a rebirth of iconographic imagery and Italian artists were inspired by these Eastern depictions of holy figures. Overall, this was a period of great artistic accomplishment in Europe due to the evolving artistic traditions that began to take shape at the end of the thirteenth-century and into the fourteenth century.