12019-05-01T13:55:34-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12332307plain2019-05-10T18:47:33-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Gaston Maspero was among the most powerful figures in early Egyptology. He served as Director of the Egyptian Museum, where Émile Brugsch was his assistant curator. He eventually became Director of the Antiquities Service, authorizing excavations by Bernard Grenfell, Arthur Hunt, William Petrie, Henri Naville, and many others. He also found time to write an encyclopedic history of Egyptian civilization, edited by linguist Archibald Sayce. He was know for his exceptional understanding of ancient Egyptian language and writing, as well as for his efforts to weaken the illegal trade in Egyptian antiquities. In 1901, Maspero authenticated the Stanford Museum's N. D. Kyticas collection, which Jane Stanford had purchased in 1901 in Cairo. Maspero judged them to be “worthy to be exhibited in any Museum of Europe or America."
12019-05-01T13:54:56-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12N. D. KyticasEmilia Porubcin5structured_gallery2019-05-11T16:23:26-07:00N. D. Kyticas has not been identified. However, other members of the Kyticas family were known antiquities dealers in Cairo. Panayotis Kyticas was a well-connected Greek antiquities dealer operating in Cairo, Egypt during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He specialized in Greek and Roman period Egyptian items. Kyticas's shop was advantageously located next to the famous Shepheard's Hotel and operating as early as 1879. His son Denis Panayotis Kyticas took over his father's business when Panayotis died in 1924. Émile Brugsch served as an intermediary between Kyticas and Jane Stanford. Stanford's Kyticas collection was authenticated in 1901 by Gaston Maspero, who judged it to be “worthy to be exhibited in any Museum of Europe or America." In 1917, Archibald Sayce also pronounced it a fine collection, although unfortunately seriously damaged by the 1906 earthquake.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
1media/brugsch.jpg2019-04-16T19:20:47-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Émile Charles Adalbert BrugschEmilia Porubcin42(1842-1930)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:41:44-07:00
(1842-1930)
The Egyptologist Émile Brugsch served as assistant curator of the Boulaq Museum in Luxor, Egypt, under Gaston Maspero. Brugsch later became Director of the museum, which eventually moved to Cairo to form the core collection of the current Egyptian Museum. Brugsch's older brother, Heinrich Brugsch, was the more prominent Egyptologist. Émile Brugsch had been a saloon keeper in America, among other pursuits; his photographic skill was perhaps more relevant to his new profession in Egypt. He is known for his role as middleman between foreign collectors and Cairo-based dealers and museums with antiquities to sell. It is this role that connects him to Stanford: Émile Brugsch liaised between Jane Stanford and N. D. Kyticas and selected the antiquities included in that sale. Stanford may have met Brugsch through their mutual acquaintance, Chauncey Murch. Brugsch also sold her some of his wife's Egyptian collection. Brugsch was granted the honorific "Bey" by the government of Ottoman Egypt, an association so strong it is treated as part of his name in some of Stanford's records.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:56:50-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12William Matthew Flinders PetrieEmilia Porubcin8structured_gallery2019-05-11T16:06:15-07:00William Petrie is best known for advancing professional archaeological methods and championing the value of context and objects of daily life. Petrie is also noted for his early, and at the time unusual, interest in periods both before and after Pharaonic Egypt. He was a remarkably active excavator in Egypt (and elsewhere) over several decades, regularly collaborating with his wife Hilda Mary Isabel Urlin Petrie, a geologist and artist. From 1884-1886 and 1896-1905, William Petrie's field projects were supported by the Egypt Exploration Fund. Timothy Hopkins' generosity to the EEF brought items from Petrie's excavations to Stanford. Petrie's excavations were approved by Gaston Maspero, the influential Director of Egypt's Antiquities Services. From 1884-1886 and 1896-1905, Petrie worked for the Egypt Exploration Fund, following Édouard Naville in that role.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
Arthur Hunt was a pioneering papyrologist, specializing in the translation of ancient Egyptian writing systems. He worked closely with Bernard Grenfell to establish the field. They jointly led archaeological expeditions to recover papyri, including at the middle Egypt site of Bahnasa (Oxyrhynchus) on behalf of the Graeco-Roman Branch of the Egypt Exploration Society. Like many of its best provenanced Egyptian materials, Grenfell and Hunt's finds came to Stanford University through Timothy Hopkin's subscription to the EEF. Hunt and Grenfell's excavations were approved by Gaston Maspero, the influential Director of Egypt's Antiquities Service.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
Bernard Grenfell was a pioneering papyrologist, specializing in the translation of ancient Egyptian writing systems. He trained under William Petrie and worked closely with Arthur Hunt to establish the field. They jointly led archaeological expeditions to recover papyri, including at the middle Egypt site of Bahnasa (Oxyrhynchus) on behalf of the Graeco-Roman Branch of the Egypt Exploration Society. Like many of its best provenanced Egyptian materials, Grenfell and Hunt's finds came to Stanford University through Timothy Hopkins' subscription to the EEF. Grenfell and Hunt's excavations were approved by Gaston Maspero, the influential Director of Egypt's Antiquities Service.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:56:19-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Henri Édouard NavilleEmilia Porubcin7plain2019-05-10T18:58:51-07:00The Swiss archaeologist Henri Naville was an important figure in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Egyptology. His field projects were supported by the Egypt Exploration Fund, for whom he worked after 1882 excavating and publishing on numerous significant sites, all approved by Antiquities Director Gaston Maspero. Naville was succeeded in this position by William Petrie. Items excavated by Naville, including from the famous mortuary site of Deir el-Bahari, came to Stanford thanks to Timothy Hopkins' EEF subscription.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:57:25-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Archibald Henry SayceEmilia Porubcin8(1845-1933)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:43:43-07:00
(1845-1933)
The Reverend Dr. Archibald Sayce was a noted Assyriologist, linguist, and Biblical archaeologist. He developed an interest in ancient Egyptian later in his career, wintering in Egypt for his health. Sayce went on to edit Director of Antiquities Gaston Maspero's multi-volume history of ancient Egypt. Sayce provided translations of hieroglyphic writing on a few items in Stanford's collection, including two canopic jars. In 1917, marking the lingering impact of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, he pronounced Stanford's N. D. Kyticas collection to be “very fine, though lamentably smashed up.”Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
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12019-05-01T13:54:56-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12N. D. Kyticas5structured_gallery2019-05-11T16:23:26-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
1media/brugsch.jpg2019-04-16T19:20:47-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Émile Charles Adalbert Brugsch42(1842-1930)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:41:44-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:56:50-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12William Matthew Flinders Petrie8structured_gallery2019-05-11T16:06:15-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:56:19-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Henri Édouard Naville7plain2019-05-10T18:58:51-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:57:25-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Archibald Henry Sayce8(1845-1933)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:43:43-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12