The Egyptologist Émile Brugsch served as assistant curator of the Boulaq Museum in Luxor, Egypt, under Gaston Maspero. Brugsch later became Director of the museum, which eventually moved to Cairo to form the core collection of the current Egyptian Museum. Brugsch's older brother, Heinrich Brugsch, was the more prominent Egyptologist. Émile Brugsch had been a saloon keeper in America, among other pursuits; his photographic skill was perhaps more relevant to his new profession in Egypt. He is known for his role as middleman between foreign collectors and Cairo-based dealers and museums with antiquities to sell. It is this role that connects him to Stanford: Émile Brugsch liaised between Jane Stanford and N. D. Kyticas and selected the antiquities included in that sale. Stanford may have met Brugsch through their mutual acquaintance, Chauncey Murch. Brugsch also sold her some of his wife's Egyptian collection. Brugsch was granted the honorific "Bey" by the government of Ottoman Egypt, an association so strong it is treated as part of his name in some of Stanford's records.
This page has paths:
12019-04-16T19:29:36-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12PeopleChristina J. Hodge15plain8608272019-06-14T22:03:40-07:00Christina J. Hodgeb0448a0ebf7b6fff7b74ba40ef2cdd594c9bfcf9
Contents of this path:
12019-03-07T07:13:42-08:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Cartonnage Fragments (22231)13This coffin covering was intended to protect the remains of a woman—likely named Senchalanthos—for eternity. What remains after the 1906 earthquake flattened Stanford’s museum is a puzzle of missing pieces, never to be completed. Among hundreds of fragments, we find: bright flower-shaped patterns, depictions of four funerary gods, and writing scrawled onto the cartonnage. The Demotic inscription reads: “May her name be rejuvenated every day.” In recognizing her name in this exhibit, we hope to rejuvenate her spirit.media/22231-2.jpgplain2019-06-14T22:01:12-07:00ca. 100 BCE-100 CEPhysical objectObject ID 22231Archaeology; AfricaPigment; felted flax; linen; plasterStanford UniversityPurchased by Jane Lathrop Stanford from N. D. Kyticas in 1901 and donated to Stanford before 1905Late Ptolemaic; Early RomanHellenistic or Roman EgyptianChristina J. Hodgeb0448a0ebf7b6fff7b74ba40ef2cdd594c9bfcf9
12019-03-07T07:16:06-08:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Egyptian Funerary Mask (22224)10These fragments preserve the image of an unknown individual in their ultimate, mummified state. Per artistic convention, the thick linear pattern, seen on both the mask and larger surrounding fragments, symbolizes the bandage wrappings encompassing the deceased. It likely framed other designs, including of the sister goddesses Iris and Nephthys. Although now divorced from the body, this cartonnage revitalizes the deceased through the pictorial and symbolic representations of them in life, death, and afterlife.media/22224-6 (1).jpgplain2019-06-14T22:06:43-07:001549-1292 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 22224Archaeology; AfricaPlaster; linen; paint; gilt; varnishStanford UniversityPurchased by Jane Lathrop Stanford from N. D. Kyticas in 1901 and donated before 1905Eighteenth DynastyPharaonic Egyptian, New KingdomChristina J. Hodgeb0448a0ebf7b6fff7b74ba40ef2cdd594c9bfcf9
12019-05-13T18:02:10-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Soul House, Fragments (21364.3)13While the rich and powerful were buried in tombs of stone, ancient Egyptians with smaller budgets buried their loved ones underneath a soul house like this one. These models represented shelter and offerings to sustain the deceased. A complete example is shown in a nearby picture. The fragments displayed here represent the deceased individual with a table and bowls of food, alongside cuts of meat. The rough fabric and cursory shaping of the clay highlight the common status of the recipient. This item was destroyed in the earthquake of 1906, but its surviving fragments are whole enough for interpretation. While the craftsman paid little attention to detail, this soul house was sturdy enough to fulfill its purposes: to survive the tests of time and provide continual offerings to the buried in the afterlife.media/soul house fragments 213642.pngplain2019-06-24T07:28:08-07:001994-1781 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 21364.3Archaeology; AfricaEarthenware (terra cotta)Stanford UniversityCollected by Mrs. Émile Brugsch on unknown date prior to 1901; donated to Stanford ca. 1902 and before 1906 by Jane Lathrop StanfordTwelfth Dynasty; Gebelein, New Valley Governorate, EgyptPharaonic Egyptian, Middle KingdomEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T16:14:57-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Figurine of Osiris (20513)6The versatility of metal allowed craftsmen creatively to form the ubiquitous Osiris in varying poses. Osiris, one of the most popular gods of the Egyptian pantheon, was perceived during his lifetime as the incarnation of the principal god Horus and became Osiris after death. Osiris was eventually equated with all deceased individuals and became a symbol of resurrection, making him one of the most common deities to be formed as a funerary object. Bronze figurines of Osiris take two basic forms: seated or standing. There are also three common arm positions: crossed; fists touching; and right arm over left. This placement may be associated with different geographical regions in Egypt. Smaller bronze Osiris figurines cast with a loop were worn as amulets, kept close to the body in life and death to bestow protection, healing, and luck. The most technical of the three forms, the amulet required precision and advanced casting techniques in order to create the rear suspension ring.media/20513-2 EDIT (1).JPGplain2019-06-22T10:24:53-07:003050-332 BCEPhysical ObjectObject ID 20513Archaeology; AfricaBronzeStanford UniversityEntered the Stanford collections before 1939DynasticPharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-04-17T02:38:32-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Mirror (21482)6Pharaonic Egyptians were quite self-aware and conscious of their appearance, making mirrors a commonplace item among the elite in both life and death. Mirror handles varied in material and decoration. Men favored fewer embellishments than women. A close look at this mirror reveals a crosshatch pattern indented in its surface, evidence of its fabrication through hammering. Although no longer reflective, its common form creates a seamless connection between ancient Egyptian culture and contemporary society.media/21482-2.jpgplain2019-06-22T10:44:18-07:002160–1994 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 21482Archaeology; AfricaIron; SilverStanford UniversityGift of Jane Lathrop Stanford prior to 1905Eleventh Dynasty; EgyptPharaonic Egyptian, First Intermediate through Middle KingdomEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
This page has replies:
12019-05-01T13:51:33-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Anna Maria Lathrop HewesEmilia Porubcin16(1832-1892)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:43:08-07:00
(1832-1892)
Anna Hewes, Jane Stanford's sister, may have influenced the latter's interest in Egyptian travel. Hewes visited the country with her husband David Hewes in 1890 during an eighteen-month long grand tour taken after their 1889 wedding. The couple made the acquaintance of Émile Brugsch, who helped them acquire Egyptian antiquities as souvenirs of their trip. Anna Hewes bequeathed an Egyptian collection to Stanford's University Museum upon her death in 1892. It included pieces acquired from her own 1890 trip and the trip David Hewes took with his first wife, Matilda Hewes, in 1877.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
Reverend Chauncey Murch was Director of the American Presbyterian Mission at Luxor, Egypt, for around 25 years. An antiquarian, collector, and middleman in the trade, he supplied Egyptian antiquities to museums and assisted private collectors during their time in Egypt. Jane Stanford and Bertha Berner met Murch and his family in Luxor in 1901, staying with them again in 1904. Murch served as a personal guide and helped Stanford select and aquire antiquities for the Stanford Museum. Murch later corresponded with Stanford. He served as an intermediary in her Egyptian collecting, introducing her to Émile Brugsch.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
David Hewes took two trips to Egypt: one with his first wife, Matilda Hewes, in 1877; and one with his second wife, Anna Hewes (Jane Stanford's sister), in 1890. He collected antiquities during both stays. In 1877, it was with the help of the Egyptologist Heinrich Brugsch. In 1890, it was the Egyptologist's brother, Émile Brugsch, who assisted Hewes in finding choice pieces for his collection. Émile Brugsch apparently first wrote to Jane Stanford in 1890 on David Hewes' advice and later assisted her in her own Egyptian collecting.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:55:34-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Gaston Camille Charles MasperoEmilia Porubcin8(1846-1916)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:50:21-07:00
(1846-1916)
Gaston Maspero was among the most powerful figures in early Egyptology. He served as Director of the Egyptian Museum, where Émile Brugsch was his assistant curator. He eventually became Director of the Antiquities Service, authorizing excavations by Bernard Grenfell, Arthur Hunt, William Petrie, Henri Naville, and many others. He also found time to write an encyclopedic history of Egyptian civilization, edited by linguist Archibald Sayce. He was know for his exceptional understanding of ancient Egyptian language and writing, as well as for his efforts to weaken the illegal trade in Egyptian antiquities. In 1901, Maspero authenticated the Stanford Museum's N. D. Kyticas collection, which Jane Stanford had purchased in 1901 in Cairo. Maspero judged them to be “worthy to be exhibited in any Museum of Europe or America."Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:49:29-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Heinrich Ferdinand Karl BrugschEmilia Porubcin7(1827-1894)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:51:44-07:00
(1827-1894)
Heinrich Brugsch was a prominent early Egyptologist and linguist. He did pioneering work on the translation of hieroglyphic and Demotic languages and is considered a founder of the field of Egyptology. Through his influence, Heinrich Brugsch secured a curatorial appointment at the Boulaq Museum for his younger brother Émile Brugsch, despite the latter's lack of experience. Jane Stanford's future brother-in-law David Hewes met Heinrich Brugsch during his 1877 honeymoon in Egypt, when Brugsch advised Hewes and first wife Matilda Hewes on their collecting. Their souvenirs were eventually bequeathed to Stanford University by Hewes' second wife, Anna Hewes.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:49:53-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Mrs. Émile BrugschEmilia Porubcin7structured_gallery2019-05-13T18:04:36-07:00Mrs. Émile Brugsch was married to one of the most active figures in turn of the century Egyptology. She spent time in Egypt with her husband and was part of the scholarly social scene there, appearing in an 1881 travelogue as a party guest on a dahabeah (boat) on the Nile. She reportedly left Brugsch in the late 1890s. They may have repaired their relationship, or Émile Brugsch may have been a crafty salesman, as he wrote to Jane Stanford in 1901 that his wife "does not want to keep on buying, prices have gone up so high, and herself therefore having lost all pleasure." Brugsch sold 273 items from his wife's collection to Jane Lathrop Stanford for the University Museum in 1901. In a 1902 letter to Brugsch, Jane Stanford mentions "the illness" of Mrs. Brugsch and, perhaps knowingly, hopes they will be soon settled together again in their home in Cairo with "the peace of God in their hearts."Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:54:56-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12N. D. KyticasEmilia Porubcin6structured_gallery2019-05-15T05:00:17-07:00N. D. Kyticas has not been identified. However, other members of the Kyticas family were known antiquities dealers in Cairo. Panayotis Kyticas was a well-connected Greek antiquities dealer operating in Cairo, Egypt during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He specialized in Greek and Roman period Egyptian items. Kyticas's shop was advantageously located next to the famous Shepheard's Hotel and operating as early as 1879. His son Denis Panayotis Kyticas took over his father's business when Panayotis died in 1924. Émile Brugsch served as an intermediary between Kyticas and Jane Stanford. Stanford's Kyticas collection was authenticated in 1901 by Gaston Maspero, who judged it to be “worthy to be exhibited in any Museum of Europe or America." In 1917, Archibald Sayce also pronounced it a fine collection, although unfortunately seriously damaged by the 1906 earthquake.Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:49:29-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Heinrich Ferdinand Karl Brugsch7(1827-1894)structured_gallery2019-05-15T03:51:44-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-01T13:54:56-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12N. D. Kyticas6structured_gallery2019-05-15T05:00:17-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12