Mission 66 in Rocky Mountain National Park
Dates
1956 - 1968 - Mission 66 Period in RMNP
1953 - DeVoto Article
1956 - 1960 - Initial Mission 66 Infrastructural Repairs
1960 - Beaver Meadows Entrance Station Construction (first M66 structure)
1961 - Map/Pamphlet
1963 - Land Acquisition Summary
July 16, 1965 - Completion of Alpine Visitor Center
1965 - 1967 - Beaver Meadows Visitor Center construction
1967 - 1968 - Kawuneeche Visitor Center
Context
The need for park improvements grew every year. Environmental conditions in Rocky Mountain National Park rapidly deteriorated in the decade following World War II and soon earned a prominent place in Bernard DeVoto’s controversial 1953 Harper’s Magazine article, “Let’s Close the National Parks” (DeVoto, 1953). The park never shut down, but DeVoto’s criticism drew attention to its dire condition. Its pristine natural areas were gradually being destroyed by their own popularity. As with many other parks throughout the United States, Rocky Mountain National Park needed immediate maintenance and improvements for its roads and structures if it was to survive.
Early Mission 66 Improvements in Rocky Mountain National Park
Although Mission 66 eventually gained widespread criticism within the National Park System for its modern architectural aesthetic, its relationship with Rocky Mountain National Park’s natural wilderness philosophy unfolded with steady caution (Carr, 2007). The project’s emphasis on improving park functionality and efficiency did not necessarily contradict the park’s preservationist agenda. The National Park Service did not immediately alter the landscape as it did elsewhere in the country, but instead spent $3 million (of an initial nine-million-dollar budget) repairing and updating water and sewage systems (Allaback, 2000). Aside from road repair (particularly Trail Ridge Road), these discrete structural modifications composed the bulk of Mission 66’s early activities in Rocky Mountain National Park during the late 1950’s. The Park Service attempted to promote natural restoration efforts through extensive land acquisition. By 1963, the park had gained an additional 11,080 acres of territory and planted seven thousand trees (Buchholtz, 1983; Bzdek, 2010).
Mission 66 Architectural Structures
In 1960, the Beaver Meadows entrance station was constructed, and was the first official Mission 66 building in Rocky Mountain National Park (Allaback, 2000). More structures followed, primarily replacing and standardizing the rustic park architecture. The most prominent buildings to come out of Mission 66 in Rocky Mountain National Park were the three visitor centers: The Alpine Center, Kawuneeche, and the famous Beaver Meadows Visitor Center. Such structures formed the backbone of Mission 66’s efforts to streamline mobility and enhance park experiences for guests. Their elegant modernist designs and contemporary furniture heavily evoke 1960s fashions, but were intended to redirect visitors' attention outwards to the park itself. In Rocky Mountain National Park, these buildings provided visitors with centralized gathering areas, and with updated roads greatly improved the flow of access throughout the wider park (Carr, 2007). With clear, key focal points for congregation, park planners hoped to reduce the destruction and traffic caused by unguided guest wanderings.
