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1. 1 2016-08-02T12:07:07-07:00 Nicholas Mirzoeff f315c7b2aa506ef7a94489d0482ffdd6247a10ce Living With and Under Occupation Nicholas Mirzoeff 4 structured_gallery 2016-08-13T11:54:26-07:00 Nicholas Mirzoeff f315c7b2aa506ef7a94489d0482ffdd6247a10ce
2. 1 2016-08-02T10:51:56-07:00 Nicholas Mirzoeff f315c7b2aa506ef7a94489d0482ffdd6247a10ce The Photographs Curtis Fletcher 6 structured_gallery 2016-08-09T08:41:36-07:00 Curtis Fletcher 3225f3b99ebb95ebd811595627293f68f680673e

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• 1 media/Bear Nablus.jpg 2016-08-14T14:45:43-07:00 A hierarchy of the human 12 image_header 2016-10-20T08:15:29-07:00

  The second way of seeing Palestine is as an exemplary way to learn how to see difference. An ABC is constituted by difference. The letters make sense only by virtue of being different to each other. The alphabet is an assemblage, put together equally for the work of making sense by means of difference. The occupation is also an assemblage, put together in hierarchy for the purpose of domination.
  
  Each of the entries in the ABC is a study of how things connect in this assemblage, by means of 'articulation.' An articulation, as Stuart Hall taught us, is both a way of saying something and a way of making connections between practices. These connections are not given but once in place have considerable strength and cannot be undone easily.
  
  Articulations express hierarchy. Hall used the concept to show that at the interface of neo-liberalism and decolonization in 1970s Britain:

  race is the modality through which class is lived.

  His point was not that this is universally true but that articulation connects, hierarchizes and organizes life.
  
  In Palestine, these connections express the ways in which the colonizer asserts dominance over the occupied and how those occupied try to resist. Racialized difference (between Palestinians and the regime) articulates the hierarchy of the occupation and organizes lives under that occupation. 
  
  Rather than bring an existing analysis to bear on these articulations, I have found, like many activists, that a theoretical understanding could only be found within them. (Technically, I call this the immanent critique of articulation.) It finds a theory of struggle in determining how the occupation does what it does and how it is resisted in everyday life every day. This project is a beginner's contribution to that ongoing work.
  
  The articulation at stake here is a racialized distinction within the category of the human. That is to say, from the point of view of the occupation, Palestinians are not fully human, just as the refugees seeking asylum in Europe (some of whom are Palestinians based in Syria) have been treated by state officials as a 'swarm.' Alexander Weheliye defines 'racialization' as 

  a conglomerate of sociopolitical relations that discipline humanity into full humans, not-quite-humans, and non-humans.

  As Western philosophy has held since Aristotle, it is possible to be part of humanity and be designated non-human. Such non-human humans are often enslaved, imprisoned or colonized.
  
  A similar set of hierarchical relations extends from the implicitly 'fully human' Israeli citizen; to the Palestinian-Israeli citizen, not-quite human; and the non-human Palestinian/Bedouin. Within this articulated hierarchy, when people are not considered fully human, they can be occupied, displaced, or even shot without sanction.
  Caged birds are popular pets in Palestine, seen everywhere, from canaries to finches and parrots. I couldn't help but recall the title of Maya Angelou's famous autobiography, quoting the African American poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, 'I know why the caged bird sings.' The bird is a symbol for the not-human human being and its song is a kind of freedom.
  
  By extension, the brown bear in Qalqilya Zoo (seen in the header above) paces without rest, desperately seeking something to end his boredom or a way out of his cage. His confinement is visibly making him insane and it is unbearable.