12019-03-07T09:17:49-08:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12332304structured_gallery2019-05-01T08:46:14-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Ancient Egypt is notable for its technological “ups and downs”—periods of sustained advancement followed by turmoil and loss. One constant across these millennia of change was a reliance on stone tools. A staple of everyday life, stone tools, or “lithics,” were used to shape pottery, carve massive statues, or simply cut meat or plants for food. Stone tools are often assumed to be a primitive technology. But their endurance over many centuries of ancient Egyptian history testifies to their importance and sophistication.
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12019-04-16T19:18:12-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12MaterialsChristina J. Hodge21plain8607822019-06-18T02:37:18-07:00Christina J. Hodgeb0448a0ebf7b6fff7b74ba40ef2cdd594c9bfcf9
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12019-05-08T16:02:52-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Arrowhead (20141)7Stone tools are often considered strong and lasting. These arrowheads are an example of tools meant to break. The barbs on the side were very difficult to remove from flesh, often breaking off in the process.media/20141.JPGplain2019-06-05T18:41:05-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20141Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heywood Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-03-07T07:17:57-08:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Ceremonial Knife (21861)6Flint knapping is the art of chipping away material from flint or other fracturing stone to create sharp points or tools. An example of flint knapping at its finest, this ceremonial blade was made in pre-Dynastic Egypt, possibly as an honored burial item as it shows no wear. Blades like this are often discounted as primitive and unsophisticated because they’re made of stone. However, the perfect strokes and precise pressure flaking indicates that this blade was made by a sophisticated professional craftsman.media/21861.jpgplain2019-06-05T09:17:27-07:00ca. 3500-3100 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 21861Archaeology; AfricaFlint or chertStanford UniversityCollected by Mohammed Ali el Gabri in 1902, sold to Jane Lathrop Stanford in 1904, and donated to the Stanford Museum before 1905Naqada IINeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T16:03:42-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Arrowhead (20144)5Stone tools are often considered strong and lasting. These arrowheads are an example of tools meant to break. The barbs on the side were very difficult to remove from flesh, often breaking off in the process.media/20144-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:25:24-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20144-2Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:49:55-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Blade (20190)5The final stage of production focused on refining the item’s shape, giving it features like smooth sides, sharp edges, fine points, and fingers grips. Of course, these specific modifications depended on the item’s intended use.media/20190-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:28:30-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20190Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:52:35-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Microblade (20087)5Microblades could be mounted with resin and string to wood and were used as arrowheads, spear points, or an array of other cutting tools. These blades were carved from large pieces of chert waste, and are frequently found in groups.media/20087-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:29:46-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20087-2Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:54:06-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Microblade (20095)5Microblades could be mounted with resin and string to wood and were used as arrowheads, spear points, or an array of other cutting tools. These blades were carved from large pieces of chert waste, and are frequently found in groups.media/20095-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:31:22-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20095-2Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:54:54-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Microblade (20096)5Microblades could be mounted with resin and string to wood and were used as arrowheads, spear points, or an array of other cutting tools. These blades were carved from large pieces of chert waste, and are frequently found in groups.media/20096-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:31:49-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20096-2Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:43:28-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Core (20067)5Cores—purposefully shaped nodules of stone—were used as a “blank” starting point from which toolmakers would strike off flakes with a hammer stone in order to make implements. Toolmakers could also shape the core itself into an implement.media/20067.JPGplain2019-05-21T03:06:59-07:00(ca. 5000-3000 BCE)Physical objectObject ID 20067Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic; Fayum, Faiyum Governorate, EgyptNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:57:22-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Saw Blade (20045)5Serrated blades were cutting tools, usually mounted with resin into a wooden or bone handle. The jagged edges were made by overlapping precise circular flakes to create sharp points.media/20045-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:35:22-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20045-2Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:58:06-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Saw Blade (20048)5Serrated blades were cutting tools, usually mounted with resin into a wooden or bone handle. The jagged edges were made by overlapping precise circular flakes to create sharp points.media/20048-2.JPGplain2019-06-22T10:36:33-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20048-2Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T16:00:27-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Arrowhead (20135)4Stone tools are often considered strong and lasting. These arrowheads are an example of tools meant to break. The barbs on the side were very difficult to remove from flesh, often breaking off in the process.media/20135.JPGplain2019-06-05T08:54:14-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20135Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T16:01:15-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Arrowhead (20138)4Stone tools are often considered strong and lasting. These arrowheads are an example of tools meant to break. The barbs on the side were very difficult to remove from flesh, often breaking off in the process.media/20138.JPGplain2019-06-05T08:55:51-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20138Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:53:26-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Microblade (20091)4Microblades could be mounted with resin and string to wood and were used as arrowheads, spear points, or an array of other cutting tools. These blades were carved from large pieces of chert waste, and are frequently found in groups.media/20091.JPGplain2019-06-05T09:24:14-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20091Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T16:01:57-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Arrowhead (20139)4Stone tools are often considered strong and lasting. These arrowheads are an example of tools meant to break. The barbs on the side were very difficult to remove from flesh, often breaking off in the process.media/20139.JPGplain2019-06-05T08:58:16-07:00ca. 5000-3000 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20139Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynasticNeolithic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:56:42-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Chert Saw Blade (20046)4Serrated blades were cutting tools, usually mounted with resin into a wooden or bone handle. The jagged edges were made by overlapping precise circular flakes to create sharp points.media/20046.JPGplain2019-06-05T09:31:25-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20046Archaeology; AfricaChertStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic or DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12
12019-05-08T15:47:40-07:00Emilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12Blade Pre-form (20225)4The next stage of production involved striking off large chunks of the flake, allowing the item to assume its general shape as a blade or point.media/20225.JPGplain2019-06-05T09:06:40-07:00ca. 5000-332 BCEPhysical objectObject ID 20225Archaeology; AfricaStoneStanford UniversityExcavated by Heyward Walter Seton-Karr and donated to Stanford ca. 1908Pre-dynastic; DynasticNeolithic or Pharaonic EgyptianEmilia Porubcin63ec028064958b3240cc8e4e010f355faa0c8e12