Reclaiming Ohi:yo'- Restoring the Altered Landscape of the Beautiful River Main MenuWelcomingFront page for this Digital Exhibit.The Seneca Nation of IndiansWe call ourselves Onödowá'ga:' (oh-non-doh-wah!-gawh!), which means "People of the Great Hill". We are one of six other nations that collectively call ourselves Hodinöhsö:ní (hoh-dee-nonh-sonh-neeh!), meaning "People of the Longhouse".Ohi:yo'Ohi:yo', our Beautiful River, has always been our home and source of nourishment.The Kinzua Dam ProjectOur elders fought for our land and sovereignty in the 1950s and 1960s. They fought to stop the construction of Kinzua Dam.The Allegheny ReservoirThe reservoir has altered the landscape, ecosystem, and our interactions with Ohi:yo.The Allegheny Reservoir: A Visual Depiction of Water LevelsAt times of water storage the water depth of the river channel is approximately 26 feet, with as little as 6 to 8 feet of water during the winter months.The Significance of Kinzua to our Seneca PeopleThe U.S. Army Corps of EngineersThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in collaboration with the U.S. federal government built Kinzua Dam between 1960 and 1965.Kinzua Era TimelinesThis page provides two different temporal representations of the Kinzua Era (1956-1966).Kinzua Dam's Environmental ImpactsThe creation of Kinzua Dam has had lasting environmental impacts on our land and water. Learn more here.Ohi:yo' Restoration and Resiliency ProjectsMembers of the Seneca Nation's Watershed Resources Working Group are involved in various restoration and resiliency projects for our Ohi:yo'. The Seneca Nation's Fish and Wildlife Department in particular engages in projects related to building artificial habitat, repopulating our river's Walleye population, and building trenches to help land locked fish.Seneca Nation Fish and Wildlife DepartmentThe Nation's Fish and Wildlife Department engages in restoration and resiliency projects related to Ohi:yo'.Fighting for the Water: Fracking Wastewater in Ohi:yo'In 2016 the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) began deliberating a 1,000-barrel/day of unconventional gas drilling wastewater (Frack Wastewater) disposal facility in Potter County proposed by Epiphany Allegheny LLC. In response to the news of these fracking plans, our Seneca people again fought for our people, our communities, and our Ohi:yo'.A Legacy of ResilienceWe will continue on.Access and Use RightsFor our full statement on rights and use of our exhibit contents see this page.Additional ResourcesThis page contains additional resources that can provide more in-depth information that is perhaps not included within our exhibit.About this ExhibitThis page contains information about our intra-Nation departmental collaborations and exhibit acknowledgements.The Seneca-Iroquois National Museum663b8929f7a99e6bad2d94d8e2c4f4c0dbfcfc0fDana Reijerkerk3c44fb85ab096c2290175e81dd4f16f0002a41e0This exhibit was published by the Seneca-Iroquois National Museum, 2018.
Cornelius Seneca with Representative John Rabu of New York State
12018-08-15T14:27:39-07:00Dana Reijerkerk3c44fb85ab096c2290175e81dd4f16f0002a41e0308613Photograph of Nation President Cornelius V. Seneca (1940-1942, 1944-1946, 1956-1958) and New York Congressman John Rabu.plain2018-08-21T01:58:46-07:00National Archives at College Park - Still Pictures (RDSS)2018-08-13stillimageNAD-01064-NA-1513 (U.S. National Archives)Cornelius V. Seneca, NY Representative John Rabuindependent sovereign nationsSeneca-Iroquois National MuseumThe U.S. National ArchivesengPhotograph of Nation President Cornelius V. Seneca (1940-1942, 1944-1946, 1956-1958) and New York Congressman John Rabu. This image is held at the National Archives at College Park- Still Pictures (RDSS).Public Domainreformatted digitalimage/jpegprint, electronicRecord has been transformed into MODS from the original accession record. Metadata originally created in a locally modified version of qualified Dublin Core.languageOfCataloging authority = "iso639-2b"; dcTerm:languagerecordCreation Date encoding = "w3cdtf"; dcTerm:datesubject authority = "aat"; dcTerm:subjectsubject authority = "tgn"; dcTerm:coveragedateCreated encoding= "w3cdtf"; dcTerm:temporalNew York (state), Cattaraugus (county), Allegany Reservation, Allegany (county)This record was created by Dana Reijerkerk.General Service Administration, National Archives and Records Service, Office of Educational Programs, Education Division, ?-4/1/1985 (creator)1 photograph1957-05-24Dana Reijerkerk3c44fb85ab096c2290175e81dd4f16f0002a41e0
In 1957 Congress appropriated funding for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct Kinzua Dam, thus beginning a legal battle between the Seneca Nation and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. From 1957 to 1962 the Seneca Nation and allies to our Seneca people lobbied Congress to prevent Kinzua Dam from being constructed.
After it was announced that Kinzua Dam was to be built, President Cornelius hired Arthur E. Morgan as the Seneca Nation's chief engineer and adviser. Morgan collaborated with our Seneca people to create an alternative dam site and flood control plan, one that would not require the relocation of our Seneca communities on our Allegany Territory.
The Conewango Plan, devised by Morgan, would divert flood waters from Ohi:yo' through the Conewango basin and into Lake Erie. The Army Corps of Engineers dismissed the Conewango Plan. In September of 1957 the Seneca Nation requested that an independent third party survey and study of the Kinzua Dam and Conewango Reservoir proposals be done to provide a second opinion. The report produced by the New York City firm Tipetts-Abbett-McCarthy-Stratton firm supported the viewpoint of the Army Corps of Engineers that the Conewango Plan was not better than the Kinzua site plan.
On May 25, 1960 Congress passed an appropriations bill to construct the dam. Construction began later that year.