Starhawk
Starhawk's feminism and spirituality are closely interconnected in an ecofeminist critique, tying ecological destruction and patriarchal oppression under male-dominated Western political economies. She links “life-giving Mother Nature” with the life-giving of women through birth. She holds up (romanticizes, many would argue) women in ancient times who held positions of power, including as priestesses, poets, healers, singers, and seers. Such matrilineal lineages, she argues, have been erased from history because of their "political implications."
She argues that sexuality is sacred “because through it we make a connection with another self — but it is misused and perverted when it becomes an arena of power-over, a means of treating another — or oneself — as an object."
Interestingly, Starhawk has done some work on political economy. As Karin Schonplug notes, she "describes a price system more complex than that used in the usual binary supply-demand system:"
“Our credit functions like money, but they’re not backed by gold or silver. They’re backed by energy, human or other sorts, and our basic unit of value is the calorie. So a product is valued by how much energy goes into production, in terms of labor and fuel and materials that themselves require energy to produce. And part of that accounting is how much energy it takes to replace a resource that is used. Something that works with solar or wind power becomes very cheap. Anything requiring irreplaceable fossil fuels is generally too expensive to think about (Starhawk 1993: 274).”
Starhawk has a basic wage in her system. While monetary motivation comes with what is added to a basic stipend, a form of a living wage is provided, which is also connected to sustainability (Schonpflug 2008: 112).
“We’re each guaranteed a share of the wealth of the past and of the resources, which translates into a basic stipend of credits... you could live on that, frugally, if you really didn’t want to work. But if you do work, you earn work credits, and the more you work the more you earn, so there is incentive for those who want personal achievement. And if you do something really spectacular, achieve something famous, people bring you gifts” (Starhawk 1993: 274).