Feminist Next System Literature Review

Gargalla Francesca

The 2016 book Utopia and the Dialectic in Latin American Liberation: "begins by examining the concept of utopia in Latin American thought, particularly its roots within indigenous emancipatory practice, and suggests that within this concept of utopia can be found a resonance with the dialectic of negativity that Hegel developed under the impact of the French Revolution, further developed by such thinker-activists as Marx, Lenin and Raya Dunayevskaya. From this theoretical-philosophical plane, the study moves to the liberation practices of social movements in recent Latin American history. Movements such as the Zapatistas in Mexico, Indigenous feminism throughout the Americas, Indigenous struggles Bolivia, and Colombia, are among those taken up - most often in the words of the participants. The study concludes by discussing a dialectic of philosophy and organization in the context of Latin American liberation."

In "Feminisms & LIberations in Our America," an essay in the collection, Gargalla argues that all Latin American women are marginalized by poverty but also by "the elitism of the minuscule groups of female intellectuals in the Women's Movement who have absolutely no political influence."

On the other hand, Saporta Sternbach argues that Latin American feminism, the social movement (not political organization), emerged through clandestine class resistance to the military regimes of the 1970s. She argues that Latin American feminism is unique in its praxis and organization of women: "Latin American feminists not only challenged patriarchy but also joined forces with other opposition currents in denouncing social and political opression. They broke with the Left as far as organization is concerned due to sexist practice, but remained Left politically and ideologically. In a supposedly "postfeminist" era, Latin American feminisms are clearly a powerful, vibrant, energetic, creative, and exuberant political force. European and North American feminism can learn from Latin America by mobilizing its own grassroots women's movement using the strategies of both radical and socialist feminism."
-Catherine Davies writing on Gargalla in A Place in the Sun?

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