Feminist Next System Literature Review

Lefebvre, The City, and Gender

In a 2009 essay, "Why the Urban Question Still Matters: Reflections on Rescaling and the Promise of the Urban," Steven Kipfer makes a case for the relevance of Lefebvre for thinking about feminism. 

"Lefebvre useful as a Marxist lens because he reminds us that Marxism can be “critical knowledge of everyday life."

This can be taken in an explicitly feminist direction:
Within the scale debates, feminist arguments have been taken up through

  • political geographies of social movements
  • political economies of the household as scale

Mediated through Lefebvre’s notion of the urban, considerations of everyday life may provide another avenue. As Firgga Haug (1994) argued, the promise of Lefebvre. Work lies precisely in its dialectical critique of everyday life as a particular level of analysis. Lefebvre’s reformulation of Marxism as a critique of everyday life can be reoriented into a specifically feminist problematic of research into material gender relations as a set of normalized but contradictory experiences and ideologies. In this, links between Gramsci, Lefebvre and Dorothy’ Smith’s Marxist feminism. Smith – gendered links between two levels of reality: the everyday experience of embodied subjects and the relations and institutions of “ruling,” defined more abstractly by the commodity form, bureaucracy, and written discourse.”

Seen from feminist angle, Lefebre’s multiscalar understanding allows us to see the gendered “phallocentric” links between macrolevels of the social order and contradictory realities of everyday life. His work resonates with that of Haug and Smith and other antiracist, Marxist, feminist approaches that eschew demarcations between “political and economic” and “cultural” analyses and see microlevel experiences and macrolevel institutions of patriarchy as distinct, mediated aspects of totality.

“The proper qualifications, potentially multiscalar calls for the right to the city may thus also refract antipatriarchal (and anticolonial) calls for the right to unalienated difference in postcapitalist worlds).

Lefebvre’s notion of “the urban as a mediation of everyday life and social order thus remains a vital component of critical urban research precisely because it is not restricted to local- regional considerations. Indeed, his dialectical understanding of the urban as mediating form embodies many aspects of his understanding of Marxism not primarily as an alternative, antibourgeois conception of political economy but as an open-ended, integral, and differential engagement with life and the world as reality and potentiality.”

“the urban as a possible prism to understand, connect, and act on the fragmented and homogenized aspects of the modern world, the contradictions and possibilities of everyday life.”" 

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