Bringing the Holy Land Home: The Crusades, Chertsey Abbey, and the Reconstruction of a Medieval Masterpiece

Who made this?

by Paige Naumnik '24

A Muslim metalworker from Iraq made this piece. There is evidence of this found in the assimilation of the characters from the Bible depicited in an Islamic light throughout the Pyxis. 

This image is the top of the lid of the Pyxis. Here, we see Mary mother of God holding the infant Jesus in her arms, with what appears to be either an angel, some sort of demon, or even possibly Joseph next to them. This scene takes up the entirety of the lid itself, which allows us not only to recognize its importance to the author but also we are able to examine the intimate details. The most striking of which is the figure of Mary herself. She is depicted as sitting down with her legs crossed, a rare depiction of the Sacred Mother because she is usually standing in Christian icons. However, she is sitting in a meditative position with a turban around her head containing her hair. Mary’s veil plays a large role in defining her sanctity as the mother of Christ, as she is almost always seen wearing it in Christian artworks. However, her wearing a turban rather than a veil shows that her recognition as the Holy Mother is acknowledged in religions outside Christianity. Wearing a turban is a sign of religious and cultural respect to many cultures. Keeping her signature head covering but changing it to fit a different culture shows the universality of her image. Besides this, the infant Jesus’s face seems to be either wrapped in bandages or scratched out by the artist. It is considered Haram for icons of God to be created and displayed within Islamic tradition, so for Christ’s face to not be visible the artist is showing Jesus’ religious significance to Christians as the son of God. Finally, in most Christian scenes when the Sacred Mother and Child are pictured, occasionally an angel will be around her. For her to be facing what seems to be a small demon, the artist could have meant the demon to represent a conflict for Jesus, as he is facing away from the demon and Mary is facing it. 

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