La Zampoña
La zampoña (que significa tubos), o panpipe, es uno de los primeros instrumentos musicales de las Américas, con arquetipos que datan tan temprano como 4200 aC. Mientras los antiguos panpipes fueron hechos con terracota y adornados con diseños pintados, el instrumento moderno se construye generalmente con cañas huecas de bambú.
Se dice que la zampoña moderna origina de un área en Perú alrededor del Lago Titicaca. La población indígena construyó sus barcos de juncos fuertes (llamados totora) que ellos cosecharon del lago, y más tarde se desarrollaron panpipes de las mismas cañas.
La construcción de la zampoña consiste en dos filas distintas de tubos con longitudes que varían, atados juntos y arreglados en orden según el tamaño. Cada tubo tiene un orificio abierto en la parte superior y generalmente está cerrado en el extremo inferior. El músico produce una sola nota a la vez por soplar el aire horizontalmente a través de la parte superior de cada tubo. Una sonida se genera con cada respiración como el músico alterna entre las filas de tubos produciendo un sonido distintivo y agudo y que resuena armoniosamente con la atmósfera de las montañas Andinas. La zampoña todavía se juega en casi todas las fiestas en el sur de Perú.
Citaciones:
"Panpipes of the Americas." Panpipes, Andean Flute, Siku, Zampona, Antara Photos, Maps, Videos, History. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2012. <http://www.nativefluteswalking.com/panpipes-andean-american.shtml>.
Underwood, Gary. Spirit of the Incas: Music from the Andes. Clayton South: Blake Education, 2006. 18. Print.
(English Description)
The zampoña (meaning tubes), or panpipe, is one of the earliest musical instruments of the Americas with archetypes dating from as early as 4200 B.C. While ancient panpipes were made with terra cotta and embellished with painted designs, the modern instrument is generally constructed with hollow reeds of cane or bamboo.
The modern zampoña is said to originate from an area in Peru around Lake Titicaca. The indigineous population built their boats from strong reeds that they harvested from the lake, called totora, and eventually created panpipes from the same
The construction of the zampoña consists of two separate rows of pipes of varying lengths, lashed together and arranged in order according to size. Each pipe has an open hole at the top and is generally closed at the lower end. The player produces one note at a time by forcefully blowing air horizontally across the upper end of each pipe. A single note is played with each breath as the musician alternates between the rows of tubes producing a distinctive, reedy sound that echoes harmoniously with the atmosphere of the Andean mountains. The zampoña is still played in nearly all the festivities in southern Peru.
Works Cited:
"Panpipes of the Americas." Panpipes, Andean Flute, Siku, Zampona, Antara Photos, Maps, Videos, History. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2012. <http://www.nativefluteswalking.com/panpipes-andean-american.shtml>.
Underwood, Gary. Spirit of the Incas: Music from the Andes. Clayton South: Blake Education, 2006. 18. Print.
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