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Iberian Cultures: The Mediterranean and Transatlantic Blueprint

Convivencia

During the Convivencia, Spain was a melting pot of diverse cultures, languages, and beliefs. Islamic Moors, Christian Visigoths, and Jewish communities coexisted in an atmosphere of relative peace, fostering a unique environment of intellectual, artistic, and scientific exchange. Despite their religious differences, these communities embraced a shared vision of mutual respect, cooperation, and coexistence. Scholars, philosophers, and artists from all three traditions collaborated to gain knowledge and create some ideals that we still use until this day. This exchange of knowledge and ideas laid the groundwork for the preservation and advancement of various disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. In this era of Convivencia, religious and cultural diversity was not only tolerated but celebrated. Mosques, churches, and synagogues stood side by side, each reflecting the rich architectural and artistic influences of its respective community, and many reflecting influences of others. Also, in this era it is seen that there were many customs there adopted by the Spanish community.
However, as with any historical period, the Convivencia was not without its challenges. Despite its notable achievements, the harmony was occasionally marred by political tensions and power struggles. Nevertheless, the spirit of coexistence endured, leaving an indelible mark on the fabric of Spanish society and shaping the course of European history. These power struggles can further be seen in tax regulations, forced conversions of muslims, and the forcing removal of muslims from Spain.

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1. Muslim's influence on Alchemy and Chemistry Spain is the land of great cultural richness, once known as the Iberian peninsula at some point in history. It has been greatly influenced by muslims, not only in its language but in other areas as well such as alchemy that later modernized chemistry. Alchemy is an area where philosophy, science, occultism, and theology come together. With the newfound knowledge, scientists were able to develop this information and implement it to what we know today, chemistry.
2. Don Quixote: Reality versus Fantasy
3. Convivencia
4. Early Modern Spain 1492 to 1567: The Debate Over Moriscos and The Expulsion In 1942 King Ferdinand and Isabella granted liberal terms to the Moors upon their surrender in Granada. Seven years later, in 1499 Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros lobbied against this policy and pushed an agenda of zero tolerance towards Islamic practices of any kind in Granada. The Treaty of Granada was not honored, and conflict began to arise. #Hybridity #Muslim #Christian #Jewish #Architecture #Artifact #Monarchy #Moorish
5. Moorish Influences in Art, Architecture and Language in the Modern World
6. Christianity as a Power Not Religion in the Spanish Inquisition The forceful conversion of non-Christians in Spain during the Spanish Inquisition, brings out the ways in which religion can serve as a cover-up for ulterior motives. Spain used Christianity to consolidate power and create a social hierarchy between Old and New Christians. People of non-Christian origins were considered inferior even if they had converted to Christianity. Spain through Christianity, was able to justify taking away rights, erasure of traditions, and prohibiting language. #Muslim #Christian #Moorish #Monarchy
7. The Co-existence of Religions and Cultures during Moorish Presence and Moorish impact on Architecture From 711 CE to 1492, Muslims, known as Moors, invaded the Iberian peninsula, conquering and controlling varying portions of Iberia. The Moors' ruling extended over eight hundred years, significantly impacting the Iberian culture. In this brief presentation, the Muslim’s imposition of tolerance towards other religions will be discussed regarding its influence of allowing an environment of co-existence of cultures and religions. Moreover, the Moorish influence on architecture will also be discussed with examples of different historical buildings.
8. Reconquista- Vision of the Christian Kingdoms
9. Roman Spain Manifested in Art and Architecture The Roman Empire's era of rule over the Iberian peninsula from about 200 BCE to around 470 AD left an undeniable mark on Spanish legacy and history, beginning a period of "Romanization" that encompassed several aspects of life, including the art and architecture of this region. Much of the artistic styling and architectural features of Roman rule are still visible in contemporary times, and underwent a revitalization during the Romanesque era of the Medieval ages, demonstrating the tremendous and lasting impact that the empire had on Spain. #Roman , #Architecture , #Painting
10. The Coins that Change-d Spain's History and Keep it Alive
11. Islamic Architecture has influenced Art around the world Islamic influene in Architecture has been very popular throught years. Architecture is very important because it is what builts up where soceity will inhabit. The Moorish population has a great influence to what Architecture is today. We still see how buldings all over the nations have adopted what Muslims felt was artistic to incorparate into buildings. Modern Architects still study the historical content of the moorish archistructure. #Moorish, #Architecture, #Art

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