Glossary
- abstract: refers to the non-representational quality of some art, not reflecting the likeness of anything real
- abstract expressionism: art movement that emphasized emotional expression through spontaneous and/or abstract means
- concrete operations: third stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory characterizing children from roughly 7 to 12 years of age
- industry vs. inferiority: a stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that characterized children from roughly 6 to 11 years old; calls for the development of competency and industrious feelings or feelings of inferiority will take place
- internalization: the process of learning
- manipulative: physical tools used to teach
- mastery-approach goal: goals that are focused on genuine understanding and attainment of knowledge
- motivation: what makes a student want to do something or want to obtain a goal
- performance-approach goal: goals that include trying to be the best, receive highest accolade of success, or move toward general completion/success
- scaffolds: instructional techniques used to bring students up from actual to potential level of understanding
- shared goals: goals that a group is motivated to achieve;
- social goals: goals involving one's peers that an individual want to attain
- zone of proximal development: consists of scaffolds that move children developmentally from actual level to potential level of development