Housing Inequality in AmericaMain MenuThe Generational Illusion: An EssayAn Essay by Collin AndrewsEnvironmental Racism: How Residential Segregation Shapes Environmental InequalityHistoric Preservation Coast to CoastTitle PageNative American Housing: How Poor Housing Harms Indigenous HealthHow Poor Housing Harms Indigenous HealthPets & Housing: It's "Ruff" by Katie ClineHow NIMBYism Exacerbates Housing InequalityWhere's the Wealth!How Housing Discrimination has led to racial wealth inequality in the United StatesImmigrant Housing Inequality in AmericaIswat JinadSurveillance InequalityAn investigation into how poor communities are oversurveilled creating a cycle of more targeted and aggressive forms of surveillance for them and those around them.Post-WWII Urban Flight and the Birth of the SuburbsHousing Discrimination in Suburban AmericaRace, Repressive State Apparatus, and Homelessness: From Colonialism to COVID-19Tina NandiHousing Inequality and Access to Quality EducationMQ: Title PageVisualizing racial housing discriminationSplash page for path that includes interactive resources regarding racial housing discriminationProject information and creditsAndy Schocket278555063cc66428c8eadf42f48d412091c5aaf9Melissa Laddab8653014603439710b65435181f2130cee53400Andrew Bartelc9a57442f34fea7858b734ce98f4ec79bd5565b0Collin Andrewsf69afa6ae7fb0f33058b9e0cb476f7451a667cefTina Nandi6e38643c2c1510534cce4e954f0eeb8108bce699Iswat Jinad196dd805bf51f7a46fbf2d94ab069e97fc004d75Marcus Harris7e23857364c2363b25872718aea81323bdd37773James Cousinoe9398a1542d344c824ddaaf967819ae589cd2b61Katie Cline512add1943f75cbd770d4788dcdea90b706922c4Trisha A Bonham7fa13b399c9331700d719225b96f3bf9e54c4570Rene Oswald Ayalac01cc7385c24c3926f2f03a40860f6a4f703f410Kristine Ketel826fdfc33a24cff2c1e0ab79396dd2ae2bae3ed9Morgan Quinleyc8a47798c223cced64347bc9a7d80f6a64402e45
RA: Citation 4
12022-12-05T21:27:00-08:00Rene Oswald Ayalac01cc7385c24c3926f2f03a40860f6a4f703f410412371plain2022-12-05T21:27:00-08:00Rene Oswald Ayalac01cc7385c24c3926f2f03a40860f6a4f703f410United Church of Christ, “Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States: A National Report on the Racial and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Communities with Hazardous Waste Sites.” 1987.
This page is referenced by:
12022-12-05T19:38:15-08:00Conceptualizing Environmental Racism: The 1987 Report on "Race and Toxic Waste"11plain2022-12-12T08:21:51-08:00The origin of the concept of environmental racism is credited to the 1987 report by the United Church of Christ’s Commission for Racial Justice “Toxic Waste and Race in the United States: A National Report on the Racial and Socio-economic Characteristics of Communities with Hazardous Waste Sites.” The Commission sought out to conduct a national study on prevalence of toxic waste sites in communities of color and found that the communities near toxic wastes sites such as landfills and incinerators were more likely to have a higher percentage of residents of color and poor residents. Race was found to be a significant factor for predicting the location of these waste sites even after controlling for class. Below is reproduction of the cover page of the original study. The shaded areas represent counties where the percentage of the Black and/or Latino/a/x population was higher than the national average in 1987 (12% and 6% respectively) and the dark areas represent counties where both the percentage Black and Latino/a/x population is higher and there are 5 or more toxic waste facilities. The map illustrates how toxic wastes sites often surround predominantly POC communities The Commission concluded that “some underlying factor or factors, related to race, played a role in the location of commercial hazardous waste facilities.”The report provided empirical evidence for what communities had known for years and helped inspire movements for environmental justice in the late 1980s and 1990s. In the decades since the report, there has been debate among scholars of environmental racism and environmental activists about what exactly defines the “factor or factors” related to race that result in communities of color facing greater exposure to toxins and pollutants and how we should understand the “racism” of environmental racism.