Venezuela:

In 1961, Venezuela was the first country to be Malaria free well before many developed countries including the United States. However, in 2012 Venezuela reported the highest number of cases within a given year having a total of 51,264 caes. It wasn't until 2014 when Venezuela released the weekly epidemiological reports giving data to previous years. Within the recent years Venezuela has had political climate that has continually produced humanitarian crisis. Due to hyperinflation, lack of food and access to resources, the risk of disease is growing within crowds that are malnourished or already sick. 

Currently there are a lack of antimalarial campaigns throughout Venezuela accompanied by a lack of resources. With no public knowledge or public interest towards prevention,  Malarial parasites have the opportunity to infect millions of people. 

In 2018 over one million cases of Malaria were reported with some areas known to under report. With the current political climate in Venezuela, many refugees have been crossing borders increasing the incidence of Malaria over time and space. Without adequate medical facilities in Venezuela, Malaria cannot be treated correctly. Due to refugees moving across borders the ability to treat and track transmission are reduced. 

Local ministries of health are prioritizing cases of Malaria within this region and responding as quickly as possible. Currently in Venezuela the ability to correctly assess the extent of Malaria in Venezuela is proving to be difficult. In terms of migration, the ability to collect data and make accurate predictions is skewed by the daily change in population as well as a lack of reliable collection services. 

Within Venezuela it is recommended that all people at the borders be eligible for free Malaria screening. Larval control of specific sites in Venezuela have been targeted,  especially man made water sites. Indegenous populations are of interest in the prevention and eradication programs due to their role of acting reservoir within the Amazon. Within the border, there have been rumors of the military exchanging Malaria treatment for work from the people in need. This will not be the first time Venezuela has experienced such conflict as in the many years previous. 
 

Gold Mining Theory:

Gold mines in South America, tend to attract young men in need of temporary work. The close work of the mines with the surrounding environment put the works at risk of multiple arbovirus diseases including Malaria. The gold mines in South America mainly operate illegally, contributing to the deforestation of the surrounding land. The illegal operation of mining means no adequate healthcare and the fact that the men mainly live in exposed housing contribute to the continuous cycle of Malaria. The exposure or contraction to Malaria when the workers return home from work is a large concern among communities.