Transmission: Malaria is passed from person to person by the Anopheles female mosquito acting as a vector. Within a week of a mosquito feeding on an infected person, the mosquito is able to infect another host. The blood from the infected person contains microscopic parasites that are transferred to the next person from the mosquitoes bite. The bite from the mosquito contains a mixture of saliva and parasites. Anopheles females mainly bite in the evening or early morning. 

Plasmodium Falciparum is the most common cause of malaria illness. 

Plasmodium Vivax malaria is high in Central america and the severe illness that can result from a Vivax infection is currently being suggested to be considered an emerging health problem. 

Symptoms: An initial infection of Malaria involves nausea, headache,  vomiting, diarrhea. If left untreated jaundice, diarrhea, coma and death may occur. P. Falciparum has normal onset of 10 days to as long as 4 weeks and is likely to cause relapse. P. Vivax can result in a relapse period for as long as 4 years while remaining dormant in the liver. 

Treatment: Mefloquine, doxycycline, and malarone are available in the Amazon Basin and  within Malarial areas of Colombia. Due to the prevalence of Vivax malaria in Central America, chloroquine is also available. 

Prevention: Practice protective wear when outdoors and in areas of high risk. Such as wearing boots, covering skin, bug nets, and using appropriate mosquito repellant. Studies have shown that most travelers are not adhering to the preventive prophylaxis medication regimen. By being educated on the signs, symptoms, and risk of malaria, travelers and community members can be protected against malaria.