Image Header: Friends of the Earth Protest in the Czech Republic in 1996 after the Death of Ken Saro-Wiwa. Friends of the Earth International's Photostream. Uploaded 26 May 2011.

Primary Texts:

• Agary, Kaine. "My Blessing, My Curse."Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta. Ed Kashi and Michael Watts, eds. Brooklyn: powerHouse Books, 2008. 152-153. Print.
• -----. Yellow-Yellow. Lagos: Dtalk Shop, 2006. Print.
• Habila, Helon. Oil on Water. New York: Penguin, 2010. Print.
• Ifowodo, Ogaga. The Oil Lamp. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2005. Print.
• Na’Allah, Abdul Rasheed, ed. Ogoni’s Agonies: Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Crisis in Nigeria. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 1998. Print.
• Okri, Ben. “What the Tapster Saw.” Stars of the New Curfew. London: Vintage, 1988. 183-194. Print.
• Ojaide, Tanure. Delta River Blues and Home Songs. Ibadan, Nigeria: Kraft Books, 1997. Print.
• Okpewho, Isidore. Tides. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman, 1993. Print.
• Saro-Wiwa, Ken. A Month and a Day: A Detention Diary. New York: Penguin, 1995. Print.
• -----. Silence Would be Treason: Last Writings of Ken Saro-Wiwa. Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2013. Print.

Secondary Sources:

• Anderson, Martha G. “Enchanted Rivers: True Stories about Water Spirits from the Niger Delta.” Sacred Waters: Arts for Mami Wata and Other Divinities in Africa and the Diaspora. Ed. Henry John Drewal. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2008: 26-47. Print.
• Apter,  Andrew. The Pan-African Nation: Oil and the Spectacle of Culture in Nigeria. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2005. Print.
• Backman, Melvin. "One of Oil's Founding Families is Divesting from Fossil Fuels, and Slamming ExxonMobil in the Process." 23 March 2016. Quartz media. qz.com. Web. 25 March 2016.
• "Birth of the Nigerian Colony - Google Cultural Institute." Birth of the Nigerian Colony - Google Cultural Institute. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/u/0/exhibit/birth-of-the-nigerian-colony/ARi_MKdz?hl=en&position=44%2C0>.
• Bob, Clifford. “From Ethnic to Environmental Conflict: Nigeria’s Ogoni Movement.” Chapter 3 of The Marketing of Rebellion: Insurgents, Media, and International Activism by Bob. New York: Cambridge UP, 2005. 54-116. Print.
• Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 5th edition. New York: Pearson, 2011. Print.
• Cable News Network. Nigeria Suspended From Commonwealth. CNN, 11 Nov 1995. Web. 20 April 2016.
• Caminero-Santagelo, Byron. Different Shades of Green: African Literature, Environmental Justice, and Political Ecology. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2014. Print.
• -----. “Witnessing the Nature of Violence: Resource Extraction and Political Ecologies in the Contemporary African Novel.” Global Ecologies and the Environmental Humanities: Postcolonial Approaches. Ed. Elizabeth DeLoughrey, Jill Didur, and Anthony Carrigan. Routledge, 2015: 226-241. Print.
• "Chinua Achebe." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.
• Douglas, Oronto and Ike Okonta. “Ogoni People of Nigeria versus Big Oil.” Paradigm Wars: Indigenous Peoples’ Resistance to Globalization. Ed. Jerry Mander and Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, International Forum on Globalization. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 2006. 152-156. Print. 
• Drewal, Henry, curator. Mami Wata: Arts for Water Spirits in Africa and its Diasporas. Fowler Museum, UCLA exhibition. 2008. Also exhibited at the Smithsonian National Museum for African Art. 2009. Web. 6 June 2016.
• Falola, Toyin O. "Nigeria - Nigeria as a Colony." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Nigeria-as-a-colony>.
• "Farmers sue oil giant Shell over Niger Delta pollution - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2015. <http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/11/world/europe/netherlands-nigeria-shell-oil/> 
• Gessner, David. The Tarball Chonicles: The Journey Beyond the Oiled Pelican and into the Heart of the Gulf Oil Spill. Minneapolis: Milkweed, 2011. Print. 
• Global Nonviolent Action Database. Ogoni People Struggle With Shell Oil, Nigeria, 1990-1995. GNAD, 11 March 2011. 20 April 2016.
• Greyl, Lucie. "Multinational Oil Companies on the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Environmental Justice Atlas. Eds. Leah Temper, Daniela del Bene, and Joan Martinez Alier. ejatlas.org. Web. 2 March 2016.
• Gyatso, Tenzin. "The Message of the Dalai Lama Sent to the Millennium World Peace Summit." The Global Forum for Common Good. 23 August 2000. Web <http://www.commongood.info/DalaiLama.html> 25 March 2016.
• Hanson, Stephanie. "MEND: The Niger Delta’s Umbrella Militant Group." Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, 22 Mar. 2007. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. 
• "History of Nigeria." History of Nigeria. History World. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.
• Ibeanu, Okechukwu. “Oiling the Friction: Environmental Conflict Management in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.” Environmental Change and Security Project Report. Issue 6 (Summer 2000). Wilson Center. Web 29 Feb 2016               <https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/oiling-the-friction-environmental-conflict-management-the-niger-delta-nigeria>
• Kashi, Ed and Michael Watts, eds. Curse of Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta. Brooklyn: PowerHouse Books, 2008. Print.
• "Ken Saro-Wiwa." The New York Times 22 May 2009. Web. 20 April 2016.
• Klein, Naomi. This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014. Print. 
• Klieman, Kairn A. "U.S. Oil Companies, the Nigerian Civil War, and the Origins of Opacity in the Nigerian Oil Industry." Journal of American History 99.1 (2012): 155-65. Web. Academic Search Premier. 31 Mar. 2016.
• Konne, Barisere Rachel "Inadequate Monitoring and Enforcement in the Nigerian Oil Industry: The Case of Shell and Ogoniland," Cornell International Law Journal 47.1 (2014): 181-204. Web. Academic Search Premier. 31 Mar. 2016.
• Lahrichi, Kamilia. "Environmental War Waged in Amazonia." USA Today 11 March 2016. Web. 28 March 2016.
• LeMenager, Stephanie. Living Oil: Petroleum Culture in the American Century. New York: Oxford UP, 2014. Print. 
• Marquart, Deb. "Lament." Small Buried Things. Moorhead, Minnesota: New Rivers Press, 2015. 52-53. Print.
• MOSOP: The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People. Complete Statement by Ken Saro-Wiwa to Ogoni Civil Disturbances Tribunal in 1995. MOSOP, 2015. Web. 20 April 2016.
• Na’Allah, Abdul Rasheed, ed. Ogoni’s Agonies: Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Crisis in Nigeria. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 1998. Print.
• "Nigeria". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 19 Apr. 2016 <http://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Military-regimes-1983-99>.
• "Nigeria : History." The Commonwealth. Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/history>.
• Nigeria: Oil Pollution in the Niger Delta.  Global 3000. 12 Nov. 2012. Youtube. Web. 1 Apr. 2016.
• Nixon, Rob. Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2011. Print. (notably "Chapter 3: Pipe Dreams: Ken Saro-Wiwa, Environmental Justice, and Micro-Minority Rights") (also in ebrary)
• Okuyade, Ogaga, ed. Eco-Critical Literature: Regreening African Landscapes. New York: African Heritage Press, 2013. Ebrary. 
• "Oil Boom Era (1971-1977)." An Overview of the Nigerian Economic Growth and Development. NigeriaOnline. Web. 20 March 2016.
• Olafioye, Tayo. "The Ken Saro-Wiwa Echo." Na'Allah 179-186.
• Onyiri, Sunny. "The Paradox of Abundant Oil: The Case of the Niger Delta in Nigeria." Campbellsville Review 4 (2007-2009): 101-118). Web. 10 Apr. 2016.
• Orage, Desmond Lera. "The Ogoni Question and the Role of International Community in Nigeria." Na'Allah 41-48.
• Osha, Sanya. “Birth of the Ogoni Protest Movement.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 41.1-2 (2006): 13-38. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 April 2016.
• Perham, Margery. "Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War." International Affairs 46 (1970): 231-46. ProQuest. Web. 31 Mar. 2016.
• Phillips, John Edward. "What's New About African History?" History News Network. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/24954>.
• Quayson, Ato. "For Ken Saro-Wiwa: African Postcolonial Relations Through a Prism of Tragedy." Na'Allah 57-80.
• Raji, Wumi. "Oil Resources, Hegemonic Politics and the Struggle for Re-inventing Post-colonial Nigeria." Na'Allah 109-120.
• Rowell, Andy and Eveline Lubbers. "Ken Saro-Wiwa was framed, secret evidence shows." Independent. 4 December 2010. Web. 22 March 2016.
• Salmons, Jill. “The Role of Mammy Wata as an Agent for the Promotion of Ogoni National Identity.” Sacred Waters: Arts for Mami Wata and Other Divinities in Africa and the Diaspora. Ed. Henry John Drewal. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2008: 422-33. Print.
• Sinha, Indra. Animal's People. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007. Print.
• Steyn, Phia. “Shell International, the Ogoni People, and Environmental Injustice in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: The Challenge of Securing Environmental Justice in an Oil-based Economy.” Echoes from the Poisoned Well: Global Memories of Environmental Injustice. Ed. Sylvia Hood Washington, Paul C. Rosier, and Heather Goodall.  Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2006. 371-87. Print.
• Tickell, Oliver. "53,000 Nigerian Oil Spill Victims Press New Shell Lawsuits." Ecologist. 2 Mar. 2016. Print.
• "TIMELINE-Shell in Nigeria." Web log post. Reuters. Thomson Reuters, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 
• Tschirgi, Dan. “The Niger Delta’s Ogoni Uprising.” Chaper 5 of Turning Point: The Arab World’s Marginalization and International Security after 9/11. By Tshirgi. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2007. 116-137. Print.
• Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-friendly Guide. 3rd edition. New York: Routledge, 2014. Print.
• Uche, Chibuike. "Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War ." The Journal of African History 49.1 (2008): 111-135. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 March 2016. 
• Watts, Michael. “Oil Frontiers: The Niger Delta and the Gulf of Mexico.” Oil Culture. Ed. Ross Barrett and Daniel Worden. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2014: 189-210. Print. (also in ebrary)
• Wenzel, Jennifer. “Petro-Magic-Realism: Towards a Political Ecology of Nigerian Literature.” Postcolonial Studies 9.4 (2006): 449-464. Academic Search Premier. Web 28 March 2016. 
• ------. “Petro-Magic-Realism Revisited: Unimagining and Reimagining the Niger Delta.” Oil Culture. Ed. Ross Barrett and Daniel Worden. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2014: 211-225. Print. (also in ebrary) 
• "Wole Soyinka." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.