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• 1 media/Trinity Michigan CIty exterior 25 Oct 2014.jpg 2019-07-17T06:26:17-07:00 Trinity Episcopal Church, Michigan City 109 image_header 2024-10-24T10:56:46-07:00 Trinity Episcopal Church, Michigan City, is officially the second oldest congregation in the Diocese of Northern Indiana. It was actually the first to be established in 1837, but through a technicality in its first year its official organization was delayed until after St. Paul's Mishawaka had been organized.
  
  In the 1830s, pioneers, adventurers, and entrepreneurs began arriving at the new town named Michigan City, platted at the end of the Michigan Road near Lake Michigan. The new road that began at Madison, Indiana, was fulfilling its purpose of encouraging settlers to move from southern Indiana into the scarcely-populated northern part of the state. In 1830, Isaac C. Elston, a real estate speculator, purchased land at the mouth of Trail Creek as the site of his town, which was called Michigan City. In 1832 only one cabin stood, but by 1833 enough settlers had arrived to hold an election for a justice of the peace and to name a postmaster. The stage coach ran through the town three times each week, bringing new residents. In 1834, Charles Cleaver stayed in the local tavern and wrote that in Michigan City, “the buildings consisted of one small brick tavern, a frame one opposite, a blacksmith shop, and half dozen houses built in, on, above and below the sand. It then contained about fifty inhabitants.”  However, no church had yet been built. With few people living in the area between Niles, Michigan, South Bend, Indiana, and Michigan City, there were few resources to support a church. Those few clergy who had moved to the area traveled frequently to serve the needs of the new settlers.
  
  The first Episcopal Church service held at Michigan City occurred in October 1834, when the Rev. Palmer Dyer preached what is considered the first sermon in town. However, Bishop Philander Chase is given more formal credit for getting church services going. Chase, formerly Bishop of Ohio, had settled with his family for a time on a farm near Niles, Michigan. In the same month that Dyer preached, Chase visited the town and recorded in his diary that he “stopped in Michigan City, read the service, visited with a few people, drove through the sand dunes along the lake, and in the evening again read the service.” By this date there were about 700 residents. A few months later in 1835, Chase was elected Bishop of Illinois. On his way to Illinois from Niles, he again stopped in Michigan City and recorded the event in his diary: “Preached the first sermon ever delivered there from an Episcopal minister. This was in a large schoolhouse well filled with attentive auditors.”
  
  With a lack of clergy from its inception, Michigan City's community of Episcopalians depended on the work of its faithful members reading Morning Prayer. The first recorded communicants who arrived in 1835 included Zebina Gould, Dr. H. T. Maxon, and Schuyler Pulford, who later served as wardens and vestrymen of the fledgling church. Gould, a bachelor and native of Charlton, Massachusetts in 1803, had arrived by way of Rochester, New York, in the spring of that year, and wrote that he considered himself a "stranger in a strange land" until another communicant arrived that fall.
  
  Gould and others made arrangements with the Rev. James Selkrig, missionary at Niles, Michigan, to travel periodically to serve the spiritual needs of the new community. On December 11, 1835, he held services in the building used by the growing congregation as the first church in Michigan City. This structure was located at the corner of Fourth and Pine streets, and it later housed the congregation until 1858.
  
  When Jackson Kemper was appointed Missionary Bishop, Gould wrote him a letter of welcome in March 1836 and invited him to establish a church in Michigan City. He extolled what he deemed the town's future prospects: "A single glance... at a map will show you that from its local situation, being at the extreme head of Lake Michigan and the only port upon the Lakes...It must ere long become the great inlet and outlet for all the imports and exports of this truly fertile and flourishing State."
  
  Indeed, Michigan City was incorporated as a city later that same year. Gould and another parishioner induced the Rev. J. W. Hallam of Chicago to visit in June and conduct two services. Selkrig returned in the fall for a service, and the congregation increased in strength such that by the season of Advent, the congregation organized itself informally without a clergyman as the "Church of the Advent."
  
  Due to a conflict with state law and the fact that no official papers had been filed, the congregation had to organize itself again in 1837, and they changed the the name to “Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church.”  Gould attempted to entice the Rev. Burton H. Hickox of Watertown, New York, to serve as the first rector, but the effort fell through when the missionary chose to settle in Maumee, Ohio. Gould wrote to Kemper in April 1837, hoping the bishop could recruit a clergyman, but he hoped the missionary would not have a large family, since the parish could not support him. Nevertheless, Gould expressed his congregation's high standards. "The people of our place are mostly from the East, where they have been accustomed to hearing men of the first order of talents & one of anything less would scarcely meet their expectations or succeed in building up a congregation." 
  
  Kemper visited the newly-named parish for the first time in August 1837. With his encouragement, the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of New York sent the Rev. Daniel Van Mater Johnson, a cousin of the Rev. Samuel Roosevelt Johnson of Lafayette, to serve as missionary and became the town's first settled priest on 1 February 1838. Gould purchased hymnals, prayerbooks, and other books for the parish from the Sunday School Union. Johnson met all of Gould's expectations and was a talented priest. In his first report to the society, the missionary wrote: “The large room which the congregation has neatly fitted up is almost full of attentive listeners to the preached gospel.” Regular participation in the sacraments thus began with the first baptism in February 1838, the first marriage in April, and the first confirmation in January 1839. After two years the society concluded that its aid was no longer necessary and that Trinity could be self-supporting.
  
  The history of Michigan City and that of Trinity Episcopal Church are inseparably intertwined. The strength and prominence of the church was due to the faithful service of its wardens and vestry, many of whom were also civic leaders. Gould, elected the first Senior Warden in 1837 and Trinity's chief lay supporter, also served as the city harbor wheat inspector for the growing shipping industry. Other early members included T. B. W. Stockton, Samuel Mower, Charles Palmer, and H. I. Rees, all of whom served as early mayors. Augustus Barber was an early postmaster and city treasurer. Urial C. Follet also served for many years as treasurer.
  
  Michigan City evolved over time from humble beginnings, but progress was slow. When Bishop George Upfold visited in April 1850, he arrived by rail after having visited Detroit. Less optimistic than Kemper about the town's prospects, he commented: "This is a doleful looking place - separated from the lake by immense hills of sand - and surrounded by a very dreary looking country. There are about 1500 inhabitants. It is very irregularly built, and there are few fine looking houses." Over time, the town would grow, and its appearance as a town became more defined.
  
  More than any other lay leader, Urial Follet had the most significant influence on the growth and development of Trinity Church. He served for 25 years as a vestrymen from 1849 to 1862, and again from 1864 to 1872. He served as Senior Warden for 24 years in 1863 and from 1872 to 1896. His generosity made the present endowment fund possible. In spite of the tragic loss of all three of his children, his faith endured. The memorial gift of the white marble baptismal font in honor of his children is used to this day. He led the parish through the Civil War, economic depressions, and panics, as well as through the industrial growth of Michigan City. During his years of leadership, Trinity had 15 rectors, and two churches were built.
  
  By mid-century, the pioneer church on Pine Street was no longer adequate to meet the needs of the congregation or the growing importance of the Episcopal church in the social and political life of the city. The rector at this time was the Rev. Caleb A. Bruce, formerly rector of Trinity Fort Wayne, who in his long career built six new churches from Michigan to Arkansas. Under the patriarchal leadership of Zebina Gould and Urial Follet, the vestry resolved to seek subscriptions for a new church. The congregation acquired the property at the corner of Sixth and Franklin streets, essentially the geographic center of the town. A new wood frame church was built in the prevailing architectural style of the time called “Carpenter Gothic.” It was a demonstrative statement of the church’s prominence in the community.
  
  The fortunes of Trinity Church rose with the growth and development of Michigan City as both a port of commerce and an industrial manufacturing site. The largest and most significant industry was the manufacture of railroad cars by the Barker and Haskell Company. Three generations of the Barker family left their imprint on Trinity as major patrons. The marriage of John Barker Sr. and his wife Cordelia in 1841 was one of the first recorded at Trinity. Both his son, the industrialist John H. Barker, and his granddaughter, Catherine Barker Hickox, donated buildings and many improvements to the property at 6th and Franklin streets.
  
  Success as an industrialist did not insulate the younger John Barker from personal tragedy, when his three children by his first wife all died in infancy. The construction of the first Barker Hall, a building attached to the church, became his memorial to his children. It served the congregation as both community center and school with classrooms and an auditorium.
  
  During the 30 years between 1858 and 1888, the Trinity Church congregation experienced a six-fold growth. Under the continuing leadership of  Follet as Senior Warden and the influence of Barker and banker W.W. Vail as vestrymen, the old wooden church was deemed no longer adequate in size or style for the congregation. In 1889 the third Trinity church seating 450 was built of Indiana limestone. Designed by Chicago architect Henry Starbuck in the Romanesque Revival architectural style, it matched the grandeur of any Chicago building of its day.
  
  In 1898 the Diocese of Indiana was divided with the northern portion of the state becoming a separate diocese. The vestry, under the continued leadership and financial backing of Barker, voted to offer Trinity as the cathedral church. Bishop John Hazen White took residence in the rectory as both rector of Trinity parish and the first bishop of the new Diocese of Michigan City. The Very Rev. Walter S. Howard served as the first dean and associate rector. In 1901, Barker, at his expense, replaced the old rectory with a grander eight-bedroom mansion as a residence for the bishop. In 1910 Mrs. Barker donated the Gothic arched cloister that connects the church to the bishop’s residence. However, changes in liturgical style and lay leadership brought conflict to Trinity parish. Bishop White was too High Church or Anglo-Catholic in his liturgical preferences for the parish's tastes, and the vestry demanded that the dean of the cathedral be of Low Church style against the bishop's wishes. Relations between the bishop and the vestry soured and eventually ruptured. John Barker died in 1911, and by 1918, Trinity's cathedral status had been revoked at White's insistence. With the bishop relocating to South Bend, the diocese was renamed Northern Indiana, though it had no designated cathedral at that time.
  
  It is a testament to the spiritual fortitude of the Trinity congregation that in its first 100 years the parish thrived without clergy leadership for 15 years and nine months. Twenty-five rectors served Trinity with each staying an average of one year, nine months. Only five rectors served more than five years.
  
  The 20th century brought stronger clergy leaders who served for much longer terms, resulting in congregational development. New buildings and renovations were added to the Trinity church complex. Lay leadership remained as a core strength of the congregation, with several parishioners serving multiple terms as senior warden. The beauty of the church and its worship services were enhanced through numerous furnishings, gifts, and memorials from parishioners. Ministries included choir and organ, Altar Guild, Acolytes, Youth Group, and Women of Trinity.
  
  By the 1920s the congregation had outgrown the space provided by the first Barker Hall. The Rev. Earl Ray Hart coordinated the gift of a new Barker Hall, financed by the railroad car heiress Catherine Barker Hickox, daughter of John H. Barker. Her gift included a substantial endowment for the maintenance of the hall. The new facility was constructed in 1929 as a memorial to her father and his deceased children. Dedicated “for the use of the people,” the building became a social and cultural center for the entire community. Along with the “Great Hall.” meeting rooms, classrooms, and offices, a chapel expanded the opportunities for worship.
  
  During the rectorship of the Rev. David Reid in 1956, significant alterations were made to the layout of the 67-year-old church in the name of modernization and to fit better with changes in liturgical style. Entrances were rearranged, the choir and organ were moved, and open arches were closed, changing the essential character of the sacred space. At that time, growth of Michigan City’s lakefront communities and a desire to offer alternative liturgical worship lead several Trinity’s lay leaders to found St. Andrews by the Lake Church.
  
  The long rectorship of the Rev. Robert Center from 1964 to 1988 provided stability for the parish during the time when Michigan City was undergoing both economic and urban transformation. The departure of manufacturing industries, combined with the forces of urban renewal and changes in consumer shopping, left the historic center of the city with mostly empty storefronts. Trinity Church and Barker Hall were no longer at the cultural, social, and geographic center of the city, as new city development occurred to the south. Nonetheless, Trinity’s congregation supported extensive repairs and maintenance projects, including a new slate roof for the church. An additional endowment fund was established to support the ongoing maintenance of the church and rectory. Throughout the ten-year rectorship of Father Stephen Gerth, Trinity maintained its identity as a locus of traditional Anglo-Catholic worship.
  
  In the twenty-first century, Trinity has been sustained by the faithful service of its lay leaders and the visiting ministry of the Rev. Canon Hugh Page Jr., Vice President of the University of Notre Dame. Recognizing its important role in servicing the community, Trinity leaders established a Food Pantry program, continued its Thrift Shop ministry, and hosted community events in Barker Hall.
  
  As Michigan City heads into the third decade of the century, it is once again at the center of an urban development: Michigan City’s revitalizing Arts District. The beauty of Episcopal worship remains at the center of parish life. A youth music program provides spiritual growth and education for children. Service to neighbors continues to make Trinity integral to Michigan City community life. Under the guidance of dedicated wardens and vestry, and the ministry of Father Joseph Tamborini Czolgosz, Trinity remains a loving community dedicated to serving the spiritual, social, and cultural needs of Michigan City in the name of Jesus Christ.
  
  Clergy:
  
  Daniel Van Mater Johnson, 1838-1841
  Solon Wines Manney, 1841, 1843-1847
  George Bartly Engle, 1841-1843
  Fortune Charles Brown, 1847-1851
  Henry Monroe Safford, 1852-1855
  Caleb Alexander Bruce, 1855-1859
  William Henry Stoy, 1859-1860
  Edward Purdon Wright, 1860-1861
  Richard Leo Ganter, 1863-1865
  Thomas Lloyd Bellam, 1865-1866
  John Frank Winkley, 1868
  Abraham Reeves, 1869-1870
  Richard Brass, 1870-1873
  Samuel Johnson French, 1875-1879
  Charles James Wood, 1879-1881
  John Jacob Faude, 1882-1890
  Herman Baldwin Dean, 1890-1891
  Niles Wright Heermans, 1891-1898
  John Hazen White, 1898-1905
  Walter Simon Howard, (dean and associate rector), 1898-1905
  Frank Ernest Aitkins, 1905-1910
  Walter Stephen Trowbridge, 1910-1917
  James Andrew Miller, 1918-1922
  Jesse Ketchum Brennan, 1922-1927
  Earl Ray Hart, 1927-1938
  William Aaron Driver, 1938-1943
  Russell Garfield Flagg, 1943-1950
  David Joseph Reid, 1950-1963
  Robert June Center, 1964-1988
  Stephen Shea Gerth, 1988-1999
  Eugene Edmund Kohlbecker, 2001-2007
  Anthony F. M. Clavier, 2010-2012
  Tanya Scheff, 2014-2017
  Joseph Tamborini Czolgosz, 2018-2020
  Kathy Townley, 2021-2022
  Robert Rhodes, 2022-
  
  
  Text adapted from from "History of Trinity Church [Michigan City]"
  
  Bibliography:
  Robert J. Center, Trinity Episcopal Church, Michigan City, Indiana, 1834-1984: A History of the First One Hundred Fifty Years. Michigan City: Trinity Episcopal Church, 1985.
  
  Centennial, Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, Michigan City, 1834-1934
  
  Parish Registers (Forthcoming)
  
  Book 1, 1838-1872
  
  Book 1 transcription (to correct legibility problems)
  
  Book 2, 1873-1882
  
  Book 3, 1882-1914
  
  Book 4, 1914-1927
  
  Book 5, 1928-1947
  
  Book 6, 1947-1955
  
  Zebina Gould Papers, 1836-1841, on the Founding of Trinity
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
• 1 media/St Pauls Mishawaka exterior 7 Jun 2015.jpg 2019-07-23T08:02:38-07:00 St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Mishawaka 95 image_header 2024-09-17T17:17:38-07:00 On April 20, 1837, two Michigan clergymen, the Rev. Charles B. Stout, rector of St. Stephen's Church in Edwardsburg and the Rev. Henry F. M. Whitesides of St. James Church in Constantine, went south into northern Indiana to do missionary work. They held an organizational meeting for an Episcopal church on the outskirts of Mishawaka in St. Joseph County and conducted services for thirteen people in a schoolhouse. St. Paul's Episcopal Church, the oldest formally organized parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana, began on that date. Soon after its founding, it nearly closed. Stout moved to the interior of Michigan, many leading parishioners were afflicted with illness, and Bishop Jackson Kemper lamented at the Diocesan Council of 1840 that he feared "that our services have not been celebrated there during the last twelve months."
  
  Nevertheless, the spark continued despite the early trials. No specific record exists of those serving on St. Paul's first vestry, but by 1842 the congregation purchased property at the corner of First and Spring streets and conveyed it to Hiram Doolittle, John H. Orr, J. E. Hollister, Samuel P. Knight, and Norman Eddy, who were listed as "vestry" and "wardens" of St. Paulʼs Church. A year later the church building was erected that came to be known informally as the “Church on the Hill.” The Rev. Richard S. Adams oversaw completion of the work, and Bishop Jackson Kemper consecrated it in 1845. This Greek Revival frame church contained the first belfry bell in Mishawaka, which was cast in 1836. It was later sold for junk when the church was sold in 1906. Church leaders brought the first organ reportedly from Saratoga Springs, New York, sometime before 1850. Later, they installed a Van Dinter pipe organ, manufactured in Mishawaka. This organ, operated by a hand air pump, was eventually moved to the new church, along with some of the stained glass windows. Finally, John T. Niles, the senior warden, embellished these original structures when he donated a rectory, begun in 1872 and completed in 1876.
  
  The church struggled at first to become established. Elias Birdsall, who served as a missionary in 1858, filed a report to the "Spirit of Missions" newspaper in May 1859: "Although there was much to discourage and dishearten, I can now look back upon my labors in this parish with a degree of satisfaction and a heart full of gratitude to the Giver of every good and perfect gift. The numerical increase has not been great, but there has been a gradual growth of that, without which increase in numbers but adds weakness - viz. the spirit of love, peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost. It is a united parish."
  
  The Civil War years were not also without difficulties. In 1863, after the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation, the congregation had strong abolitionist sympathies. Members demanded that the Irish-born Rev. Joseph Adderly attend Union meetings and preach about slavery from the pulpit the way that Methodist and Presbyterian preachers in town did. Bishop George Upfold forbade discussion of what he called "politics" in diocesan churches and told the congregation he would be displeased with the rector if he did address abolitionism from the pulpit.
  
  In 1864, the bishop visited again, spending the night in a house with a leaky roof during a heavy rainstorm. The next day he went to the railroad depot for breakfast, only to discover that a Union regiment from Michigan had been there since 5 A.M. and had consumed everything, including all the eggs and coffee. "They had wolfish appetites like wolverines, which they were, and what they lacked in food they made up in swearing. Thus I remained two tedious hours, rather uncomfortable I thank you, when the train from Chicago came along."
  
  In 1883, members of the congregation called for the closure of the parish, since no vestry election had occurred for five or six years. Despite these challenges Bishop David Buel Knickerbacker sent the Rev. Augustine Prentiss of South Carolina to serve both St. Paulʼs and St. Johnʼs in Elkhart. No one came to meet Prentiss when his train came to town, yet he had a full congregation at his first service on Sunday, March 9th, preaching on the “Duty of the Hour.” A skilled clergyman, Prentiss revitalized the congregation, and by the time of Bishop Knickerbackerʼs visit on Sunday, July 15th, he had prepared sixteen persons for confirmation. In 1885, the bishop moved him to Indianapolis.
  
  In October 1885, Rev. J. Gorton Miller assumed charge of St. Paulʼs and was also given missionary responsibility over St. Johnʼs, Bristol. The organizations of the parish consisted of the Wardens and Vestry, a Ladies Society, and a Young Ladies Altar Guild. The women's organizations raised funds for current expenses, repairs, and improvements. Miller organized a Sunday School. At the beginning of Lent 1886, he established the custom of celebrating the Holy Eucharist at every Sunday morning service, more frequently than was typical in the Episcopal Church at that time. He also wore Eucharistic vestments of plain white linen, used wafer bread and the mixed chalice (a little water with the wine), and established the custom of the eastward position of the altar.
  
  On January 1, 1899, after the formation of the Diocese of Michigan City, Bishop John Hazen White sent the Rev. Hamilton D. B. MacNeil to take charge of St. Paulʼs. The parish was free of debt and financially independent at that time. During the next year, the vestry ordered extensive improvements to the building, including the installation of electrical lights, enlargement of the choir, and setting a new altar, the gift of Mrs. J. A. Roper and Mrs. E. A. Jurnegan. The rectory also received gifts of a new furnace and bathroom. During the period 1898 to 1902, some of the wardens and vestry of St. Paulʼs included H. H. Hosford, H. G. Eggleston, E. T. Reys, E. G. Richards, Jr., C. A. W. Ostrom, S. G. Todd, M.D., Harvey A. Foroots, Harvey A. Martling, G. G. Eggleston, F. J. Sytz, W. M. Dickinson, S. P. Wilson, W. E. Roe, G. S. Pomeroy, and Ralph H. Jernegan.
  
  MacNeil resigned on February 12, 1902, and was succeeded that same year by the Rev. John Addams Linn (nephew of Jane Addams of Chicago Hull House fame). In 1905, the old "Church on the Hill" on Spring St. was sold, and the parish made plans to build a new church and rectory on Second Street (now Lincolnway East), near the new Cedar Street Bridge. The old church was removed to South Union Street and eventually remodeled into a residence.
  
  The construction of the new church came about through the untiring efforts of Linn and the progressiveness of the congregation. The complete cost of the structures was $15,000. Schneider & Austin of South Bend served as architects, and the construction contract was awarded to Hess & Hiner of Mishawaka. The rector laid the cornerstone on July 17, 1906. He set the goal of having the work completed enough to hold the dedication on St. Paul's Day, a task that at times required up to 20 workers. Linn celebrated the final services in the old church on January 20, 1907, and he conducted the first service in the new church on Easter Sunday of that year. Bishop White dedicated the church. The windows on either side of the nave were brought from the old one, and they remain splendid examples of 19th century stained glass. The windows over the entrance, commissioned for the new church by Mrs. E.G. Eberhart, depict the conversion of St. Paul on the road to Damascus. The window above the altar, given by Mrs. J.A. Roper, represents the Risen Lord. The present altar is a larger copy of the original first altar and is adorned with the original symbols. Members of the Bishop Knickerbacker Guild erected the rood screen, designed by Oscar Brubaker in memory of Mrs. Nancy E. Sherman Jernegan in 1916. The hand carved figures from Switzerland were added in 1960 by Alfred S. Ostrom and Mrs. M.H. Goodman in memory of their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Ostrom. The statue of St. Charles I of England, king and martyr, carved in Italy, was given in memory of Alfred S. Ostrom in 1964.
  
  In 1908, Linn left the parish and was later killed in action in France in 1918 - the first of the so-called "fighting chaplains" to meet death in World War I. His service is commemorated by a plaque in the sanctuary. The Rev. Lewis C. Rogers began his twenty-five year service as rector later in 1908. That same year, Charles Fairbanks, the Vice President of the United States under Theodore Roosevelt, visited Mishawaka and dined in the undercroft at a meal hosted by the Bishop Knickerbacker Guild.
  
  During the next quarter century the parish experienced significant change when Bishop Campbell Gray named St. Paul's as his Pro-Cathedral in 1925, an honor it would hold until 1951. The bishop had somewhat grandiose plans to build a magnificent new cathedral on the corner of Cedar and Lincoln Way, designed in the Gothic Revival style by the renowned architect Ralph Adams Cram. However, the Great Depression and subsequent World War II defeated any chance of realizing this dream when insufficient funds could be raised. The parish did acquire the corner lot as a result of these plans, however. J. Alvin Scott donated it with the provision that it revert to his heirs if not built upon in 25 years, though his heirs later released this provision.
  
  The Depression hit the church so hard that when Rogers retired in 1933, the bishop took over as rector and had his salary paid to the Diocese to make up St. Paulʼs arrearage in its diocesan assessment. The parish began its financial recovery with the arrival of the Very Rev. Archie Ira Drake, a dramatic personage, who became rector in 1935. Although his personal problems with alcoholism forced him to resign in 1937, he laid a solid foundation for renewal of the parish. After leaving, Drake went to the Holy Cross monastery in New York where he edited the St. Augustineʼs Prayer Book and became the national chaplain of Alcoholics Anonymous.
  
  The Very Rev. Russell R. Ingersoll, who served from 1938 to 1942, and the Very Rev. Erland L. Groton, who succeeded Ingersoll and served until 1952, continued the work of building up the parish. During their tenure, the organ was moved from the front, inside the rood screen (behind where the pulpit stands today), to its present location at the rear of the church, thereby enlarging the chancel. The Van Dinter organ was replaced by one of the early electric organs, and a later model donated by Miss Neitzel subsequently replaced this one. During this time, a boysʼ choir was organized under the direction of Winifred Wonderlick, a music teacher at Bingham School, and the Ladies Service League was especially active in its ministry.
  
  Many of the members of the church served in the armed services during World War II. Two members were killed, including Charles Butz, serving in the Army, and Elizabeth Richardson, serving in the American Red Cross. A plaque in the church nave commemorates their sacrifice. St. Paulʼs continued as the Pro-Cathedral of the diocese until Bishop Reginald Mallett, Bishop Grayʼs successor, chose to move the bishopʼs residence to South Bend, and in 1950 removed the title Pro-Cathedral from St. Paulʼs. In 1957, he was formally enthroned in the new St. James Cathedral in downtown South Bend, which remains the cathedral today.
  
  In 1952, the Rev. Wilbur B. Dexter became rector of St. Paulʼs. A native of Cleveland and a graduate of Oberlin College and Nashotah House, Dexter brought continued growth to the parish in his early years as rector. A new rectory was purchased on Edgewater Drive, across the river from the church. The old rectory next to the church became the church school and a chapel. The parish hall was refurbished and paneling added; a new nursery was added; a new roof was put on the church and connecting building.
  
  Dexter was one of the first priests in the diocese to adopt the Holy Eucharist Rite Two of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer as the regular service of the parish. He encouraged women to serve as members of the vestry and girls as acolytes, although he opposed women priests, as did most of the clergy of the diocese at that time under Bishop William Sheridan. A serious illness followed by a broken hip kept Fr. Dexter from his duties at the church for more than a year and led to his retirement to Florida in 1984 after 32 years as rector. During the last years of his tenure, St. Paulʼs saw a sharp decline in attendance.
  
  The Rev. Bruce Mosier, a retired priest from Goshen, served as a supply priest following Dexterʼs retirement. With the encouragement of his wife, Dorothy, Mosier helped stem the decline of the parish. The rectory, which had become rundown, was sold and the resulting funds were used to start the renovation of the church buildings. Mosier gave new hope to the members of St. Paulʼs, and membership increased to the point where Bishop Sheridan was able to have the Rev. Paul Tracy take over leadership the parish in 1986. When Tracy retired in 1995, the vestry wrote the following mission statement: “The people of St. Paul's Church celebrate the Good News of Jesus Christ and serve as witness of God's love through worship, fellowship, and outreach, daily living the promises made in our baptism.”
  
  This statement proved an instrumental point of focus in the search process that led to the call of the Rev. David K. Ottsen to St. Paulʼs as rector in 1996. Previously, Bishop Gray had assigned him to serve the mission of Christ Church in suburban South Bend, which had folded after only a short time. Working with the vestry, Ottsenʼs hard work and leadership brought new vitality to the parish as it sought to live out its mission statement. A successful capital campaign allowed for many improvements to be made to the edifice, including a new roof on the church and the parish house, a new heating and cooling system, a new sound system, new windows in the parish house, refinishing of the floors, restoration of the pews, renovation of the undercroft, and the remodeling of the kitchen. On the outside, new landscaping was done to the front of the buildings and a beautiful memorial garden added to the river frontage in the back.
  
  In addition to making physical improvements, St. Paulʼs leaders brought energy and commitment to minister to the community at large. Programs such as the Food Pantry and Thanksgiving Baskets expanded each year in the 2000s to provide food to the needy, and goals for participation were set and exceeded. In August 2007, St. Paul's became the site of a gun buy-back program in collaboration with area police departments, which resulted in over 250 guns being exchanged for gift certificates to area businesses. Bishop Edward Little observed that St. Paulʼs was unique in its ability to combine its concern for social justice with a zeal for evangelism. Attendance more than doubled during Ottsenʼs tenure. The congregation was composed of a wide variety of people of all ages, from senior citizens to college students as well as a growing number of families with young children due to several recent births. In October 2007, Ottsen announced that he had accepted a call to be the rector at St. Peter's in Brenham, Texas, and he celebrated his farewell Eucharist on 8 Epiphany 2008.
  
  While the church searched for a new rector, Bishop Gray, now retired, served as its interim priest at the church in which he was baptized when his grandfather was bishop of Northern Indiana. On June 11, 2008, the Search Committee formally recommended a candidate, and accordingly, the vestry agreed unanimously to call the Rev. Susan Bunton Haynes, formerly Assistant Rector and later priest-in-charge of the Cathedral of St. James in South Bend, to be the new priest. Mother Susan accepted the call and officially took up the rectorship on September 1, 2008, and was installed by Bishop Little on October 10. After a successful rectorate, she was elected bishop of the Diocese of Southern Virginia in 2019.
  
  Clergy:
  
  Henry F. M. Whitesides, 1837
  Charles Brockden Stout, 1839
  Foster Thayer, 1842
  Richard Samuel Adams, 1842-1846
  Benjamin Halsted, 1846-1852
  Stephen Douglass, 1852-1853
  Martin Frederick Sorenson, 1854-1856
  Elias Birdsall, 1856-1858
  Colley Alexander Foster, 1860
  Joseph Adderly, 1861-1866
  Richard Brass, 1866-1871
  John Gierlow, 1871-1873
  Moses Clement Stanley, 1874-1876
  Alfred Thomas Perkins, 1879-1880
  Sherwood Rosevelt, 1881-1882
  Augustine Prentiss, 1883-1885
  Samuel Franklin Myers, 1885-1886
  Joseph Gorton Miller, 1886-1888
  Frederick Thompson, 1888-1890
  Augustine Prentiss, 1890-1892
  DeLou Burke, 1892-1898
  Hamilton Douglas Bentley MacNeil, 1899-1902
  John Addams Linn, 1902-1908
  Lewis Curtis Rogers, 1908-1933
  James Boyd Coxe, 1933-1935
  Archie Ira Drake, 1935-1937
  Russell Richard Ingersoll, 1938-1942
  Erland Lawrence Groton, 1942-1952
  Wilbur B. Dexter, 1952-1984
  Bruce Bickel Mosier, 1985
  Paul John Tracy, 1986-1995
  David K. Ottsen, 1996-2007
  Francis Campbell Gray, 2008
  Susan Bunton Haynes, 2008-2019
  Nathaniel Warne, 2020-
  
  
  Adapted from St. Paul's website: http://www.stpaulsmishawaka.org/html/history.pdf
  
  St. Paul's Parish Register, 3 volumes, 1837-1933
  
  St. Paul's Parish Register with Vestry Minutes, 1837-1870
  
  St. Paul's Parish Register, 1871-1901
  
  St. Paul's Parish Register, 1903-1933
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
• 1 2020-08-01T08:20:16-07:00 Rev. Richard Brass 4 plain 2020-08-01T08:29:52-07:00 The Rev. Richard Brass was born in Pentonville, Middlesex, England on 5 July 1834, the son of William and Elizabeth (Watts) Brass. Formerly a Methodist pastor, he was ordained to the Episcopal priesthood in Indiana in 1867. He served parishes in Michigan and northern Indiana, including Trinity Michigan City, and St. Paul's. Mishawaka. He married Lovisa J. Jewett on 3 June 1868 in Lagrange County. He died in Alpena, Michigan, on 23 March 1880, when he was serving as rector of Trinity Church, Alpena. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery, Howe, Lagrange County, Indiana.