Thanks for your patience during our recent outage at scalar.usc.edu. While Scalar content is loading normally now, saving is still slow, and Scalar's 'additional metadata' features have been disabled, which may interfere with features like timelines and maps that depend on metadata. This also means that saving a page or media item will remove its additional metadata. If this occurs, you can use the 'All versions' link at the bottom of the page to restore the earlier version. We are continuing to troubleshoot, and will provide further updates as needed. Note that this only affects Scalar projects at scalar.usc.edu, and not those hosted elsewhere.
Petroleum, Refineries, and the FutureMain MenuAppreciating Oil Refinery ScienceBy Shailesh ThapaExploring Pollution and the Environmental Impacts Associated with Petroleum RefiningBy Bailey KlauseDisaster Risks and What Refineries Can do to Best PrepareBy Nick SteinhoferThe (In)visible Violence of Petroleum RefineriesBy Klara BeinhornGlobal Environmental Justice: Holding Oil Refineries ResponsibleBy Sam HermannHealth, Petroleum Refineries, and the FutureBy: Jake RamesContributorsOil Boom Inquiry 2017Jonathan Steinwandc8ac305627e647489509eb85de97dd9cc5413a58
Water Usage
1media/132_1306013.jpg2017-12-01T17:47:34-08:00Bailey Klauseb72dc980b1bb6bd5821b729872d3576ef3d45bff2704911By Bailey Klauseimage_header2017-12-11T10:18:38-08:00Bailey Klauseb72dc980b1bb6bd5821b729872d3576ef3d45bffImage: Waste water outfalls. Photography. Britannica ImageQuest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 May 2016. quest.eb.com/search/132_1306013/1/132_1306013/cite. Accessed 1 Dec 2017.
Petroleum refining is an extremely water intensive process. According to the table adapted from Alva-Argaez et al., some of the main uses of water during the refining process are for desalting, distillation, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and polymerization (Pombo et al., 173). With all these processes that use water, the amount of wastewater that is produced becomes an issue. As stated in the EPA article “Water and Energy Efficiency by Sectors”, “Refineries use about 1 to 2.5 gallons of water for every gallon of product.” That number does not take into account the amount of water that is used during other steps of accumulating and processing oil, which when totaled, makes oil extremely water reliant. The usage of water at petroleum refineries is something that should be controlled as we move towards a more sustainable future.
Pombo, Felipe Ramalho, Alessandra Magrini, and Alexandre Szklo. “An Analysis of Water Management in Brazilian Petroleum Refineries Using Rationalization Techniques.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 73 (2013): 172-179. Web. 17 Nov. 2017.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Water & Energy Efficiency by Sectors.” EPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2 Aug. 2017. Web. 22 Nov. 2017.
This page has paths:
12017-12-01T17:20:47-08:00Bailey Klauseb72dc980b1bb6bd5821b729872d3576ef3d45bffPollution and Environmental Impacts of RefiningBailey Klause10By Bailey Klauseimage_header5608982017-12-04T12:45:22-08:00Bailey Klauseb72dc980b1bb6bd5821b729872d3576ef3d45bff
This page references:
12017-12-11T10:17:16-08:00Oil Industry Pollution1Oil industry pollution. Photography. Britannica ImageQuest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 May 2016. quest.eb.com/search/132_1241789/1/132_1241789/cite. Accessed 11 Dec 2017.media/132_1241789.jpgplain2017-12-11T10:17:17-08:00
