Assault
Many institutions were affected, including the nation's universities and colleges. Queens College - with its liberal first president Paul Klapper, activist student body, and independent faculty - became a focal point for hostile critics. The Borough of Queens had conservative political leaders, as well as right wing veterans' organizations, anti-communist church groups, and conservative newspapers. Some Queens residents had not wanted the college established to begin with. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, under director Jay Edgar Hoover, instigated the first assault on academic freedom at Queens College.