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Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana Archives

Bishop Walter Klein at St. Alban's Fort Wayne, May 3, 1964, with Fr. John B. Hills at far right

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Walter Conrad Klein, Fourth Bishop Walter Conrad Klein, fourth bishop of the Diocese of Northern Indiana, was born on 28 May 1904 in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from Lehigh University and General Theological Seminary, receiving Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctoral degrees in theology. He later received a PhD in Semitic languages from Columbia University in 1940. Ordained to the priesthood in 1928 by Bishop Sheldon M. Griswold, Klein served on the staff of St. Mary the Virgin Episcopal Church in Manhattan and as curate of Grace Episcopal Church, Newark. He had brief stints as vicar of St. Augustine's Parish in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and as rector of St. Barnabas Parish in Haddington, Pennsylvania, before entering World War II as a U.S. Navy chaplain. He married Helene Rosentreter in 1935 and had two children, a daughter, Katherine, and a son, John.

Klein discerned early in his career that he had little interest in parish ministry. After the war, he had the opportunity to go to Jerusalem, serving two years as canon residentiary of St. George's Anglican Cathedral. There he researched several future books on the psalms and on Eastern Orthodox liturgy. From 1950 to 1959, Klein was Professor of Old Testament Literature and Languages at Seabury-Western Theological Seminary in Evanston, Illinois. Then in 1959, he became Dean of Nashotah House in Wisconsin, an office that brought him to the attention of the diocese. He had earned a reputation within the national church as a spiritual leader of parish retreats, was well-known for his books on spiritual development, and had visited Northern Indiana in 1955 to lead a Lenten Quiet Day for women.

The choice of Klein as fourth bishop was influenced in many ways by his Anglo-Catholic liturgical beliefs and the feeling that he would uphold the Catholic character of the diocese. Even so, many came to regard him as an unfortunate choice because he lacked the temperament to be a successful bishop. Introverted, serious, formal, occasionally cantankerous, aloof, and deeply intellectual, he had little ability to show personal warmth. Since he had never served as a rector, he possessed few if any pastoral skills. He disliked making parish visitations and avoided learning names of the laity he met. Clergy were never invited to his home and were also kept at a distance. One priest said of him as an aside to a colleague, "There by the grace of God goes a German U-Boat commander." He would sometimes arrive at parishes by taxi, fully vested and even in a cope. As Robert Center observed, Klein's sense of discipline "had the tendency to leave congregations feeling that the bishop's visitations were the fulfillment of duty rather than a chief pastor mingling delightedly with his flock."

It was Klein's practice to celebrate the first Mass of Easter on the evening of Holy Saturday, and he required all the clergy to attend. He followed the Mass with a large dinner with the result that all the clergy returned home in the early hours of the morning and were often exhausted on Easter morning.

With the Baby Boom generation fully underway, Klein took an interest in evangelism, capitalizing on the spirit that had motivated Bishop Mallett. The diocese commissioned the Summerfield Report in 1965, which made proposals for more effective work in the diocese. It recommended closing some missions and opening others. It also promoted the opening of the Wawasee Retreat Center, a proposal acted on swiftly with the opening of the center in 1966 under the ministry of the Rev. David Hyndman. It also recommended parish status for St. Anne's, Warsaw; Holy Trinity, South Bend; and St. Paul's, Gas City. Center criticized the report for having exaggerated expectations and for making proposals that had already been considered.

Klein was interested in finding intellectual solutions to complex problems, sometimes hastily. The Calumet area had always proved challenging to administer, so he decided to join with the Diocese of Chicago in a joint Pilot Program, headquartered at Christ Church, Gary, to develop a ministry program to serve people in the area that bordered the two dioceses. The plan included seeking ecumenical cooperation with leaders of other denominations, hoping to utilize interdiocesan resources for development and use existing buildings for missionary work. Missionary outreach to Spanish-speaking residents became a priority, and two priests, the Rev. Jose Irizarry of Puerto Rico and later the Rev. Aquilino Vinas of Cuba, reached out successfully to the Hispanic communities, but funding became a major factor that led to its suspension in 1969. As Center writes, "the Pilot Program was seen as but one among many programs in competition for time and money."

Wishing that the diocese had an endowment, Klein became interested in increasing stewardship across the diocese in 1965 and launched a program called Tithing Transforms. Despite his personal shortcomings at effective pastoral communication, the event proved successful. In 1967 the diocese approved a missions budget of $100,000, a 30% increase from the previous year. Even so, Klein himself often turned off individual donors with his cold demeanor and lack of skill at fundraising. Once, a gathering of wealthy business men was held in Fort Wayne with a bar for drinks. Men helped themselves without paying. When the bishop arrived, he upbraided the men for thinking that the diocese would underwrite the cost of the alcohol and demanded that they pay up. His words had been so caustic that they had the effect of leaving the men feeling humiliated with no incentive to give any money to a missionary cause. Some recalled that they had been prepared to write four-figure checks.

This lack of sensitivity on the part of the bishop carried over to the social issues of the 1960s. When Bishop John Pares Craine of Indianapolis was actively endorsing the civil rights movement and taking positions against the Vietnam War, Klein remained silent on these issues and did not perceive himself in any sense an agent for the social gospel. This silence was particularly felt in the largely African American parish of St. Augustine's, Gary, whose own membership had endured years of discrimination and had found little support from diocesan leadership.

Not all clergy agreed with the bishop's silence. At South Bend, Dean Robert Royster served on the board of the Urban League and was interested in improving race relations. At Trinity Fort Wayne, the Rev. George B. Wood, a former Urban League president, endorsed the ministry of Martin Luther King, attended a King speech, and supported integrated housing. Because he served as chaplain of the 82nd Airborne Division Association, however, he remained strongly in favor of the Vietnam War and assured that there would be no peace protests. The pro-war stand was also echoed at St. John the Evangelist, Elkhart, where its rector, the Rev. Carl Richardson, was active in the National Guard. At Gethsemane, Marion, however, the rector, the Rev. Timothy Riggs, gave an anti-war sermon.

The future Bishop William Sheridan, then rector of St. Thomas, Plymouth, explained the diocese this way in a 1999 letter to the historian Jason Lantzer: "The diocese [in the 1960s] was a typical Midwestern one - conservative. Its reaction to civil rights and Vietnam was Midwestern." In truth, however, the diocese had a national reputation as a "citadel of Anglo-Catholicism" and was more conservative than many other dioceses, even in the Midwest. Klein distrusted Presiding Bishop John Hines and believed him too liberal, both politically and theologically for the time.

Klein and the diocese were forced to address the racial situation when the Special General Convention II was held at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend in 1969. It was the first such special convention held by the national church since 1822. This time, the Diocese of Northern Indiana and the Diocese of Indianapolis were co-hosts with the expectation that the convention would serve as a forum for discussions on ecumenical relations with several churches. Klein seemed well adapted for this role, having written about ecumenism and developing a warm relationship with the leadership of the Polish National Catholic Church. Moreover, the meeting of Pope Paul VI and Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, had given many Anglo-Catholics the hope of greater Episcopal-Catholic cooperation. For the convention, Klein assumed chairmanship of the Arrangements Committee, and Dean Robert Royster of the Cathedral had taken on a large, full-time planning role for the convention. A controversial proposal, opposed by Klein, held that the convention would seat a variety of extra unelected delegates, including women and minority groups, to better reflect the changing social mood of the time.

On August 31, a group led by the Rev. Paul Washington and Muhammad Kenyatta, an official with the Black Economic Development Council, took the floor and demanded time to present their case to the convention. Kenyatta argued that the Episcopal Church had profited from decades of racism, and according to the Black Manifesto passed several months earlier, the church owed the African American community reparations from its support of slavery. The delegates agreed to give the Union of Black Clergy and Laity $200,000 for black community development. The delegation from Northern Indiana and several other dioceses had opposed the move, demanding that any contributions be specified and designated. While the reaction to the move in Northern Indiana was strongly unfavorable, it failed to win the support of even more moderate dioceses, who agreed with conservatives and voted against the payment of what they considered ransom. Many parishioners enacted a so-called "pocketbook boycott" by withholding pledges to the national church, greatly affecting its budget church and leading eventually to Presiding Bishop Hines's resignation. In Fort Wayne, Rev. George Wood hired plain-clothes police to sit in the congregation since he feared someone would take over the microphone of the parish. A more positive result from the proceedings was that a wider group of the church's leadership recognized that it needed to listen more closely to the demands of constituents and have more diversified leadership.

Perhaps the greatest accomplishment of Klein's episcopate was a restructuring program from 1966 to 1968 that cleared away many unnecessary committees and made the diocese operate more effectively as an entity. Under the leadership of Paul Philips, a Fort Wayne attorney, the Diocese of Northern Indiana became a single corporate structure, and the Board of Trustees was eliminated. The bishop became president of the corporation with the Diocesan Council serving as the board of directors, while the former "Bishop and Council" was disbanded. The Council would play a legislative role in any interim period between bishops but would not play an executive role. Operations were limited to the bishop and his cabinet. The Standing Committee, consisting of three priests and two laymen, continued to as the diocese's judicial function. In addition, the new program created five executive divisions: Administration, Development, Operations, Treasurer, and Chancellor (in charge of legal affairs). For the first time women were allowed to serve as delegates on committees, and the canons were amended to reflect the change. The restructuring plan was approved at the diocesan convention in 1968.

Klein announced his intention to retire in 1971, and unlike previous elections, a special convention now considered an array of candidates that had been gathered by a sub-committee of the Standing Committee. The Rev. William C. R. Sheridan, rector of St. Thomas Church, Plymouth, was chosen on the ninth ballot, and the Kleins retired to a quiet, private life in an apartment provided to them in La Porte. He died of cancer on 1 March 1980, and Sheridan would hail him as "the master of the spiritual life in nearly all its aspects" and "a strong tower of orthodoxy."

If Klein's episcopate was disappointing for those who desired the diocese to be more responsive to change, he nonetheless administered the diocese competently on a shoestring budget with only a secretary as support staff and no Canon to the Ordinary. A godly bishop with a cold veneer, he had a compassionate side that he kept deeply private, but it could be seen in the effort he made to visit priests in the hospital and in the detailed correspondence he maintained with some priests, sometimes over long periods. He was profoundly disappointed that no capital drive had occurred, that he had no staff, and that some parishes remained divided despite his best efforts at reconciliation. Yet the number of clergy in the diocese went from 52 to 63 and total giving increased significantly. His dislike of evangelicals and his unwillingness to diversify the diocese liturgically were perhaps major weaknesses. He told the Rev. Cory Randall, then on a veto interview for the rectorship of Trinity Fort Wayne, "I don't want any evangelicals in my diocese." Randall had replied, "If I found them, I would encourage them." He approved of Randall, thinking him tough enough to take him on. A strict conservative Anglo-Catholic to the end, his great accomplishment, he later said, was preserving the liturgical orthodoxy of the diocese at a time when the national church was undergoing significant change.

Interview with Bishop Walter Conrad Klein by Rev. Robert Center, 4 January 1971, Audio File

Order of the Consecration of the Very Reverend Walter C. Klein ... 29 June 1963
St. Alban's Episcopal Church, Fort Wayne
As early as the late 1940s, the leadership of Trinity Episcopal Church in Fort Wayne had considered the possibility of missionary expansion. The Rev. George B. Wood, who became Trinity's rector in 1947, was surprised that a city the size of Fort Wayne had only a single Episcopal church. After constructing a major new educational wing addition to the downtown church in 1956, Trinity's vestry began to turn its attention to founding a mission as other churches in the diocese were doing at that time. In 1960, the vestry purchased a tract of seven and a half acres at the corner of St. Joe and Flutter roads. Wood and the vestry had determined that this first parochial mission would be located in the northeastern section of the city where new residential growth was expected. In September 1961, the Rev. John B. Hills, the Director of Christian Education at Trinity, accepted the call to become the new vicar of the mission, which was named St. Alban’s. An organizational meeting held at Trinity on January 28, 1962, drew sixty-one people. Wood encouraged those parishioners who lived on the north side of Fort Wayne to support the venture.
On February 4, 1962, the church held its first service in temporary quarters at the Bojrab Club House, 5258 Lahmeyer Road. There were 35 families present: 114 individuals of whom 58 were children.The clubhouse remained the church's home until May 5, 1963. For many years afterward St. Alban's held an annual birthday celebration on the first Sunday in February to commemorate the church's founding.

The first vicar's committee appointed by Father Hills met in January 1962 and included Richard C. Matz, Earle Rabus, Darrell B. Hedrick and John L. Diver. Hills further appointed Gertrude Miller as director of the Altar Guild; Bernard Lewis as Acolyte Warden; and Anne Miller as president of the Women’s Guild. William Smith conducted chapel for the kindergarten. Further appointments included Robert Belcher as superintendent of the church school; George Fuzy as director of the Mens’ Club; and Douglas and Irene Lewis and Nancy Miller as advisors to St. Alban’s Youth groups. Maurice Bonjour headed the ushers, while John Diver became Property Chairman.
Ground breaking for St. Alban’ s Church, located at 8840 St. Joe Road, took place on November 7, 1962. The contemporary-designed church would have a nave that seated 170. The building was completed in May 1963 at a cost of $114,672, and the congregation held held its first service on May 5. Members joined in a procession from the clubhouse with cars loaded with everything that was used for worship. Fr. Hills led the procession driving his red Volkswagen with the processional cross protruding from its sunroof. The cornerstone laying ceremony for the finished church took place on May 10. A time capsule was placed in a copper box that contained a number of mementos, including a stone from the original St. Alban’s Church in England.
By 1964, the congregation had doubled in size with eighteen confirmands that year. In the spring the church built a vicarage at a cost of $25,000. Later that year, Hills married Gwen Hughes, a Fort Wayne native. He resigned the post the following year and moved to Michigan. As a mission of Trinity, the first six clergy at St. Alban’s were all hired by Trinity's rector, which irritated the mission's congregation. The Rev. Rob Roy Rhudy, an alcoholic, had a troubled tenure as vicar in 1965 and was removed by Father Wood early the following year. In 1969, Trinity changed its bylaws to assure that the congregation of St, Alban's would have at least one representative on the vestry, and that person would serve a three-year term.
With the congregation continuing to grow, a group of worshipers circulated a petition for enlarging the church school in February 1970. Signed by sixty-two families, it was presented to the vicar's committee under the leadership of the Rev. Larry Smellie, who had become vicar three years earlier. The committee agreed to form an expansion fund and purchased two mobile trailers for five hundred dollars each to serve as extra classrooms. On February 7, 1971, Bishop Klein consecrated St. Alban’s to signify the end of its indebtedness. Wood announced that the mortgages on both the church and the vicarage were paid. The church had tripled in size by this time and now numbered 112 families. Smellie, who enjoyed a successful pastorate, resigned in September 1971.
The Rev. William Martin supplied through February 1972, and in March, the Rev. Robert Howell Anderson was appointed St. Alban’s new vicar by the Rev. Corydon Randall, Trinity’s new rector. Anderson, Randall's former professor of Homiletics at Yale, was a volunteer fireman and became chaplain of the St. Joe Township Fire Department. He died suddenly of a heart attack while on duty as a fireman on November 1,1972. A month later the Rev. Kenneth Williams, an associate rector at Trinity, was appointed St. Alban’s new vicar.
At the beginning of the following year St. Alban’s hired a fund raising company to launch a capital campaign for the church school. By May, Williams reported having collected $110,000 out of an estimated $234,000 needed. In the meantime, Brookside Evangelical Mennonite Church at 7308 St. Road listed for sale its property and building for $190,000. The vicar's committee determined that buying the Brookside church was a better option than adding on to the existing church. This plan received the approval of Trinity’s vestry, and the moving date was scheduled for September 1974. The congregation borrowed $200,000 for the new mortgage and $40,000 for improvements. The old facility was sold to the Church of the Brethren on September 17, 1974. for $147,000. St. Alban’s moved again and received the welcome of the Mennonite minister, the Rev. Loren Pine. The procession to the new St. Alban’s was led by Bishop Sheridan, clergy, vicar’s committee, and the combined choirs and the congregations of the three Episcopal altars of Fort Wayne.
During the term of the sixth vicar, the Rev. Todd Smelser, St. Alban’s became an independent parish. The 80th Diocesan Convention in 1978 voted to grant St. Alban’s individual parish status in the diocese. Smelser, the former vicar. became the first rector on February 2, 1979 and proved extremely popular. In the fall of that year St. Alban’s hosted the 81st Diocesan Convention. Smelser accepted another call in 1981, and the parish extended a call to the Rev. William Martin as rector. Martin suffered from poor health and served from 1982 until his death in 1986. He was followed by Harold "Skip" Comer, a seminarian who had been raised up in the diocese, who served as rector from 1985 to 2000. He was followed by the Rev. Lloyd Johnson, who served from 2000 to 2006.
The Rev. Daniel K. Layden became its seventh rector in 2007 and served until 2018. For many years the parish has hosted one of the food banks for Associated Churches. The congregation of St. Alban’s, a caring group of Christians, strives through worship, education, and outreach programs to be a light of God’s love in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Clergy:

John Bigelow Hills, 1962-1965
Rob Roy Rhudy, 1965-1966
Larry Gene Smellie, 1967-1972
Robert Howell Anderson, 1972
William Kenneth Williams, 1972-1976
Todd Dudley Smelser, 1976-1981
William Evans Martin, 1982-1986
Harold Leroy Comer, 1986-2000
Lloyd Johnson, 2001-2006
Margaret Harker, 2006
Daniel K. Layden, 2007-2018
Michael Roeske, 2020-
Adapted from St. Alban's website: https://saintalbanfw.org/history-2/