References and Additional Reading
Apo Island
Apo Island, Philippines. (2010, April). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.iccaregistry.org/en/sites/6Marten, G. (n.d.). Marine Sanctuary: Restoring a Coral-Reef Fishery (Apo Island, Philippines). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.ecotippingpoints.org/our-stories/indepth/philippines-apo-marine-sanctuary-coral-reef-fishery.html
Russ, G. R. & A. C. Alcala. 1996b. Do marine reserves export adult fish biomass? Evidence from Apo island, Central Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 132: 1-9.
Roberts, C.M. and J.P. Hawkins. 2000. Fully-protected marine reserves: a guide. WWF Endangered Seas Campaign, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA and Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
Van Beukering, P., Cacatian, J., Stellinga, J., Sultanian, E., & Leisher, C. (n.d.). Case Study 4: Apo Island, Philippines - The Role of Marine Protected Areas in Reducing Poverty (Rep.).
Vogt, H. 1997. The economic benefits of tourism in the marine reserve of Apo Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama 2: 2101-2104.
Galapagos Marine Reserve
(2013). Retrieved February/March, 2016, from http://www.galapagospark.org/nophprg.php?page=desarrollo_sustentable_zonificacion(2016). Retrieved February/March, 2016, from https://www.quasarex.com/galapagos/animals-and-wildlife
(2016). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.galapagos.org/conservation/conservation/project-areas/marine-conservation/
(2016, March 30). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists
CALVOPIÑA, M., CHAMORRO, S., CRUZ, E., TAPIA, W., & IZURIETA, A. (n.d.). The Management Plan for The Protected Areas of Galapagos for Good Living: An Innovative Tool That Contributes to the Integrated Management of the Archipelago. Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/GalapagosReport_2013-2014-1-Calvopina-13-17.pdf
N. (2011, January 29). Case Study: Galapagos Marine Reserve. Retrieved February/March, 2016, from http://education.nationalgeographic.org/news/case-study-galapagos-marine-reserve/
(n.d.). Retrieved March, 2016, from http://www.dive-the-world.com/reefs-and-parks-ecuador-galapagos-national-park-and-marine-reserve.php
P. (1998, November). Management Plan for Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Retrieved March, 2016, http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/uploads/documentenbank/0fced0e8a056110335ca46e8038a84ae.pdf
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and Introduction
Beesley, K. (2016). Massive 'Bleaching' Affects Great Barrier Reef. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/29/472305876/massive-bleaching-affects-great-barrier-reefBlue, J. N. d. What are the Benefits of Ecotourism for Local Communities? Retrieved from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/benefits-ecotourism-local-communities-78820.html
Commonwealth of Australia. (2016). The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Retrieved from http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gbr
Day, C. (2011). Protecting Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Retrieved from http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/846
GBRMPA. (2008). Policy on Managing Activities that include Direct Take of a Protected Species from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Retrieved from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/4762/gbrmpa_PolicyManagingActivitiesDirectTakeProtectedSpecies2009.pdf
GBRMPA. (2014). Great Barrier Reef Region Strategic Assessment: Program report. Retrieved from http://elibrary.gbrmpa.gov.au/jspui/handle/11017/2860
GBRMPA. (2016). Informing the Outlook for Great Barrier Reef coastal ecosystems. Retrieved from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/28257/Informing-the-Outlook-for-Great-Barrier-Reef-coastal-ecosystems.pdf
GBRMPA. (2016). Reef 2050 Long-term Sustainability Plan. Retrieved from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/managing-the-reef/reef-2050
GBRMPA. (2016). Working together today for a healthier Reef tomorrow. Retrieved from http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/protected-speciesHunt, G. (2015). Final World Heritage Committee decision praises Australia and unanimously rejects “in danger” listing for Great Barrier Reef. Retrieved from http://www.environment.gov.au/minister/hunt/2015/mr20150701b.html
Kelleher, G. & Kenchington, R. (1992). Guidelines for Establishing Marine Protected Areas. A Marine Conservation and Development Report. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. vii+ 79 pp. Retrieved from www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/64763.pdf
Protect Planet Ocean. (2010). How do we decide where to place MPAs and reserves?. Retrieved from http://www.protectplanetocean.org/collections/introduction/introbox/siteselection/introduction-item.html
Rabaut, M., Cliquet, A., and Maes, F. (n.d). Marine Protected Areas International Framework, State of the Art, the Belgian Situation. Retrieved from www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/57792.pdf
UNESCO. (2015).Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Retrieved from http://www.unesco-ioc-marinesp.be/spatial_management_practice/australia_great_barrier_reef
World Heritage Committee. (2012). Decision: 36 COM 7B.8 Great Barrier Reef (Australia) (N 154). Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/4657
Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve
Kaggikah, D. 2015. Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve. Retrieved from http://kenyacountyguide.com/home/mombasa-marine-national-park-and-reserve/KWS. 2016. Mombasa Marine National Park & Reserve. Retrieved from http://www.kws.go.ke/content/mombasa-marine-national-park-reserve
KWS & CCA. N. d. Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve. Retrieved from http://cca.kws.go.ke/Mombasa.html#eco
Mangi, S. 2007. Successes and disappointments of MPAs in the Western Indian Ocean: the case of Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve.
Retrieved from http://www.oceandocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/7209/ktf0189.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
McClanahan, T.R., Graham, N.A.J., Calnan, J.M. & M. A. MacNeil. 2007. Toward Pristine Biomass: Reef Fish Recovery in Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas in Kenya. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/06-1450/epdf
Muthiga, N. N. d. The Assessment of Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.icriforum.org/sites/default/files/ICRIGM27-MEworkshop-Kenya.pdf
Roberts, C.M. & J.P. Hawkins. 2000. Fully-protected marine reserves: a guide. Retrieved from http://billhutten.s3.amazonaws.com/fw/docs/345.pdf
Serena Hotels. N. d. Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve. Retrieved from http://www.serenahotels.com/serenabeachhotel/discover-en.html
The International Ecotourism Society. 2014. What is Ecotourism? Retrieved from https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism
Tuda, A. & M. Omar. 2012. Protection of Marine Areas in Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.georgewright.org/291tuda.pdf
Comparative Analysis
Blueventures. N. d. Locally Led Marine Conservation. Retrieved from https://blueventures.org/conservation/community-conservation/NOAA. 2015. Marine Protected Areas. National Ocean Service. Retrieved from http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ecosystems/mpa/
McClanahan, T.R., Marnane, M.J., Cinner, J.E & W.E. Kiene. 2006. A Comparison of Marine Protected Areas and Alternative Approaches to Coral-Reef Management. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206017015