Bibliography

Keyes, Cheryl Lynette. "Rappin' to the Beat: Rap Music as Street Culture among

African-Americans." Order No. 9212320 Indiana University, 1991. Ann Arbor:ProQuest.

Web. 6 Mar. 2016.

<http://search.proquest.com/docview/303949253/91847CD298B645B2PQ/1?accountid

12768>.

This is a dissertation by Cheryl Keyes, a professor of ethnomusicology at UCLA, on rap

music’s role in street culture. In this text, she gives a detailed summary of the history of

rap music and how far back it originates. I used this section to acquire information on the

true origins of rap and its appearance in African American history.      

Toop, David, Charise Cheney, and Loren Kajikawa. "Rap." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music

Online. Oxford University Press. Web.6 Mar. 2016.

<http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/A2225387>.

This encyclopedia article describes the formation of rap and how it has developed since

the 70s. It discusses many monumental artists/moments in rap music and how they

shaped the genre. I used this text to acquire information on the hip hop movement and a

synopsis of rap in the 80s and 90s.    

Toop, David, and Margaret Jackson. "Public Enemy." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music

Online.Oxford University Press. Web. 6 Mar. 2016.

2016.<http://ezproxy.library.nyu.edu:4211/subscriber/article/grove/music/A2225380>.

This encyclopedia article discusses the career and influence of Public Enemy. I used it to

acquire information on the impact of their music and their contributions to the rap genre.   

Gates, Henry Louis, Chuck D, and Common. “NWA”. The Anthology of Rap. Ed. ADAM

BRADLEY and ANDREW DUBOIS. Yale University Press, 2010. 232–247. Web. 6 Mar. 2016.

In the section on NWA, the text discusses the career and impact of the group. I used it to acquire information on the influence of their music and how they contributed to gangsta rap.