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Music in Global America

AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC

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banner	scalar:banner	media/3 New York Panorama 2017, Brooklyn NY Despers USA Steel Orchestra.mp4
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Version 29

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The chart below show distribution of religions in Africa and gives an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences, which have drastically diminished indigenous religions. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices. The map below shows the spread of Islam in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa.
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Version 28

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The chart below show distribution of religions in Africa and gives an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences, which have drastically diminished indigenous religions. The map below shows the spread of Islam in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 27

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The chart below show distribution of religions in Africa and gives an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences, which have drastically diminished indigenous religions. The map below shows the spread of Islam in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 26

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The chart below show distribution of religions in Africa and gives an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences, which have drastically diminished indigenous religions. The map below shows the spread of Islam in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 25

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The chart below show distribution of religions in Africa and gives an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences, which have drastically diminished indigenous religions. The map below shows the spread of Islam in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 24

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Header video: New York Panorama 2017 - Despers USA Steel Orchestra [Marc Thorman] Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 23

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 22

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title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 21

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versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	21
title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONS AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 20

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versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	20
title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONAL AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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created	dcterms:created	2018-09-03T05:44:27-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 19

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.19
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	19
title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONAL AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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created	dcterms:created	2018-09-02T07:35:42-07:00
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Version 18

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.18
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	18
title	dcterms:title	AFRICAN MUSICAL TRADITIONAL AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSIC
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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created	dcterms:created	2018-09-02T07:34:09-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 17

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.17
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	17
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN THE UNITED STATES
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	image_header
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created	dcterms:created	2018-09-02T07:32:39-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 16

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.16
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	16
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans brought to the Americas sustained musical practices despite oppression and acculturation, by transforming their traditions into unique forms of expression. By the early twentieth century the African diaspora in the Western hemisphere had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres essential to Latin and American musical identities. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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created	dcterms:created	2018-09-02T07:31:35-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 15

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.15
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	15
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	image_header
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created	dcterms:created	2018-08-31T22:19:16-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 14

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.14
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	14
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	image_header
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created	dcterms:created	2018-08-31T22:15:21-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 13

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.13
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	13
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	image_header
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created	dcterms:created	2018-08-30T07:37:17-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 12

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.12
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	12
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	image_header
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created	dcterms:created	2018-08-28T08:46:00-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 11

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.11
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	11
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 10

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.10
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	10
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 9

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versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	9
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the left, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the right-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the left-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 8

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versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	8
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 7

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.7
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	7
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange on the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 6

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.6
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	6
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange on the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 5

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.5
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	5
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS COUNTRIES More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS OF AFRICA The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange on the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS IN AFRICA The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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Version 4

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.4
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	4
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section focuses on four African musical traditions and practices that are the roots of the musical cultures of the African diaspora, and reviews their influence on American popular music genres. MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 3

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.3
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	3
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section explores four questions: How did African musical traditions and practices help shape the evolution of popular music in Cuba and America? What essential elements of American and Latin American popular music derive from African musical practices? How did Africans in America and Cuba sustain and transform traditions within the dominant culture? How did hybrid forms come about and why were they different in Cuba and America? MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
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created	dcterms:created	2018-07-31T18:51:00-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 2

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.2
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	2
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section explores four questions: How did African musical traditions and practices help shape the evolution of popular music in Cuba and America? What essential elements of American and Latin American popular music derive from African musical practices? How did Africans in America and Cuba sustain and transform traditions within the dominant culture? How did hybrid forms come about and why were they different in Cuba and America? MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS More info HERE - Map with click-on guides to each country The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	plain
was attributed to	prov:wasAttributedTo	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/users/27548
created	dcterms:created	2018-07-18T20:31:21-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

Version 1

resource	rdf:resource	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/music-of-africa-and-the-african-diaspora-in-cuba-and-usa.1
versionnumber	ov:versionnumber	1
title	dcterms:title	MUSIC OF AFRICA AND THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN CUBA AND USA
content	sioc:content	Introduction The popular musics of America and Latin America have deep roots in musical, religious, and dance traditions of sub-Saharan Africa. Africans who were brought to the Americas were able to sustain musical practices, despite acculturation and repression, by transforming their traditions into unique means of expression. By the early twentieth century Cubans and Americans had hybridized elements from African and European forms, instruments, and styles to create new genres that are essential to Latin and American musical identities. Latin dance music and American jazz were mutually influential, and became global phenomena. This section explores four questions: How did African musical traditions and practices help shape the evolution of popular music in Cuba and America? What essential elements of American and Latin American popular music derive from African musical practices? How did Africans in America and Cuba sustain and transform traditions within the dominant culture? How did hybrid forms come about and why were they different in Cuba and America? MAPS OF AFRICA BY COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND RELIGIONS The first map below shows the modern nations of Africa, whose borders were arbitrarily drawn by European colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and were retained by African leaders after independence. REGIONS The continent of Africa is divided into five major regions as shown in the map on the right, below: North, West, East, Central, and Southern. Everywhere below North Africa is known as sub-Saharan Africa. An important factor in the music cultures of sub-Saharan Africa is the divide between the semi-desert/savanna Sahel -- shown in orange of the left-hand map -- and the forest regions of Central Africa -- shown in green on the right-hand map. Since most African slaves were brought to the New World from these two areas, the divide between them determined the direction music took in different parts of the Americas. RELIGIONS The maps below show distribution of religions in Africa, by percentages, as of 1998, and give an indication of the spread of Arabic and European cultural influences. The map on the left shows a decline in traditional African religions. A century ago, nearly all of the area below North Africa would be red. However, the figure does show that traditional religions are still largely active today. The map in the center shows percentages of Muslims in Africa. Arabs gained control of Alexandria in 742 and in less than forty years had every center on the North African coast under military control. Islam spread quickly throughout North Africa and then -- through conquest, trading networks, and preaching -- to all of Northwest Africa. The farther south Islam extended, the more it became syncretized (blended) with local traditional religious traditions. Arabic music influences North Africa to a greater degree than sub-Saharan Africa. By the 6th century Christianity had become firmly established across North Africa, but was soon eradicated in the Maghreb by the Arab conquests and religious conversions. Christianity again entered the picture on a massive scale in the 19th century when European powers extensively colonized, then partitioned, sub-Saharan Africa. Christian missionaries and, especially, African evangelists became powerful forces behind sub-Saharan Africans' adoption of Christianity. European music entered into Africa through the music of the Church, through educational institutions established by the colonialists, and by access to European musical instruments and practices.
default view	scalar:defaultView	plain
was attributed to	prov:wasAttributedTo	https://scalar.usc.edu/works/music-in-global-america/users/27548
created	dcterms:created	2018-07-18T19:59:56-07:00
type	rdf:type	http://scalar.usc.edu/2012/01/scalar-ns#Version

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