The Thing About Religion

Mosan Reliquary Cross

This reliquary cross was made in the region around the Meuse River around 1150-1175 and displays artistry that is characterstic of Mosan enamel work. A common feature of reliquaries made here during the twelfth century is the use of figures arranged in groups of four. Each of the four points of the cross are intended to portray the cosmological and moral significance of Christ’s Crucifixion. This reliquary cross features a unique group of four virtues: hope, faith, obedience, and innocence. Hope is shown on top by a chalice and communion wafer. Faith is on the right, shown by a baptismal font. Obedience is at the bottom, demonstrated by someone holding a cross through which the relics would appear. Lastly, innocence is on the left, shown by someone holding the sacrificial lamb, which symbolizes Christ. Hope and faith are two theological virtues, while obedience and innocence are virtues that might indicate this reliquary was intended for a monastic context. A possible monastic use of this reliquary was as a reminder of their vows for monks, which included obedience and chastity. (1)

The cross on which Christ is crucified in this reliquary is green, which alludes to the tree of life. This is framed by a background of colorful stars. Both of these elements point to the Crucifixion as a cosmological metaphor for the universe and as a moral instrument, enforced by the inscriptions of the virtues. These values are also reflected in the writings of many medieval theologians. The imagery and inscriptions used in this reliquary cross show that reliquaries reinforce important religious virtues for people of the faith who engage with these relics.
(1) https://art.thewalters.org/detail/21139/reliquary-cross-2/

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