Lewis versus Howat: An Analysis of Labor Rhetoric, Education, and Class Privilege in Early Twentieth Century Mining PoliticsMain MenuThe Project: Maxwell, Lewis, and HowatUnited Mine Workers of America UnionsA map of UMWA Unions and their District locations.History of the UMWAWho was Hearl Maxwell?A brief biography of the life of Hearl Maxwell, the southeast Kansas miner who collected the information used in this project.Who was Alexander Howat?A brief biography detailing the life of Alexander Howat.Who was John L. Lewis?A brief biography detailing the life of John L. Lewis.Lewis versus HowatAn overview of the source of conflict between Lewis and Howat.Lewis versus Howat: A TimelineA timeline detailing all documents from the Hearl Maxwell Collection that related to the dispute between John L. Lewis and Alexander Howat.Lewis versus Howat: Political ActionHowat answers President John L. Lewis, circa 1925The main themes in Howat’s reply to Lewis.Formality in WritingLabor Rhetoric and Class HierarchyHowat and Lewis at a Convention, circa 1922Education's Role in Rhetoric, Class, and PrivilegeConclusionWorks Cited and ConsultedMorgan Ebbs37bb8427ec602849db4b409834ec5240edd22bd7Lauren Geigerea2c8f5b3492b5251043adf2af47f1c327044cadMatthew Rohnerd50ac2846ef13a89d481113abcbb5898c738349cKelly Hentzen71ff61d5719b88e92ad5518749d712c06190677b
"The Pittsburg Daily Headlight"
12016-05-05T05:31:04-07:00Morgan Ebbs37bb8427ec602849db4b409834ec5240edd22bd794101An image of "The Pittsburg Daily Headlight," Pittsburg, Kansas' local newspaper prior to being called "The Morning Sun."plain2016-05-05T05:31:04-07:00Morgan Ebbs37bb8427ec602849db4b409834ec5240edd22bd7
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12016-05-05T05:23:33-07:00Education's Role in Rhetoric, Class, and Privilege8plain2016-05-20T14:17:44-07:00As can be seen through various documents in the Hearl Maxwell Collection, Pittsburg itself was a major player in the mining industry. Additionally, the prevalence of the University in Pittsburg’s history also details the necessity of education, in conjunction with industrialization, in determining class relations.
As an industrial center, Pittsburg had plenty of opportunity for students to train in the art of emerging technology and its use. However, this is truer nowhere else but in the mining industry. Mining had been going on for quite some time in our area of the state, but new techniques were expanding it more than ever. The university was located near the largest coal field in KS, providing up close and personal experience when students were allowed to visit the mines. A historical PSU bulletin also stated that, “The Lead and Zinc mines of our state are also located near the institution, and are connected by trolley with the city of Pittsburg.”
One other point about our area was a reflection of just how important the coal industry was to people’s livelihoods. To this end, the local newspaper was actually called “The Pittsburg Daily Headlight” long before the Morning Sun or the Girard Press were to see publication. Manual labor was in such high demand in the early twentieth century that an estimated 1,000,000 new workers were added every year. In the thick and densely settle areas of Pittsburg, we shared a big responsibility for these additions. Pittsburg was a boom town and the creation of PSU was only one more addition to the areas advancements as an industrialized city. In any city, history has shown, that the common man will ask for his due from those above him. This can be seen in the local struggles that President Lewis, Alexander Howat, and Hearl Maxwell were engaged in during this time period.
These types of sentiments were increasing around the world, but in our corner of Kansas with the evolving coal mining unions, captured the nation’s attention. To this extent, The University bulletin had an interesting message from the Reconstruction Program of the American Federation of Labor in regards to how it viewed the future of a growing industrialized society. It stated that: It is important that the industrial education which is being fostered and developed should have for its purpose not so much training for efficiency in industry as opposed to training for life in an industrial society. A full understanding must be had of those principles and activities, as they are the foundation of all productive efforts. Children should not only become familiar with tools and materials, but they should also receive a thorough knowledge of the principles of human control, of force and matter underlying our industrial relations and sciences.