James Lee Dickey: An Analysis of One African-American's Leadership in Jim Crow Texas

Red Tails

Charles A. Anderson, a self-taught African American pilot had established a civilian pilot training program at the Institute in 1939. Since there were no black officers, eleven white officers were assigned to train and prepare a total of 429 enlisted men and 47 officers who would become the Tuskegee Airmen, the first black military aviators in the United States. They served valiantly with 1578 combat missions and 179 bomber escort missions in the course of the war. In addition, Dorie Miller, a black sailor, was the first soldier of WWII to receive the Naval Cross for his rescue of the U.S.S. Arizona’s captain and his return to fire anti-aircraft guns against the Japanese at Pearl Harbor.
 

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