James Lee Dickey: An Analysis of One African-American's Leadership in Jim Crow TexasMain MenuJames Lee Dickey: An Analysis of One African American's Leadership in Jim Crow TexasIntroductionSlave No MoreFreedman after Bondage 1865 - 1955African American LeadershipContenders for the TitleJames Lee DickeyThe Leadership of James Lee DickeyLocations in Dr. James Lee Dickey's StoryGoogle locations for Dr. Dickey's BiographyMaureen Grayab288c53aefb942d3e6102c32f4d6e3a10268d3b
1media/15th.jpgmedia/15th.jpg2018-03-05T01:21:07-08:0015th Amendment20image_header2018-06-18T04:23:51-07:00In 1868, another criterion of the Reconstruction Acts included ratification of the 15th amendment guaranteeing that no American could be denied the right to vote based on race or condition of servitude.
Sadly, the amendment did not prohibit states from voting discrimination on the basis of education, property, religious beliefs or ancestry. Southerners were not morally bound to any of the Civil War amendments. Georgia’s Governor Smith gloated that “his state could hold inviolate every law of the United States and still so legislate upon our labor system as to retain our old plantation system.” In search of “rule by intelligent property holders,” Southern governments created barriers that would eradicate electoral participation by both blacks and poor whites. Poll taxes, literacy tests, property qualifications, arbitrary registration practices, and the grandfather clause were barriers to voting implemented by states until each was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS). States would then find another avenue to inhibit African American suffrage. Though it was a gradual process to eliminate voter registrations, in Louisiana in 1896, there were 130,334 Negroes registered to vote; in 1900, there were only 5,320. The trend repeated throughout the South. It would be not until passage of the 24th amendment, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and South Carolina v Katzenbach that electoral discrimination would end.