This site requires Javascript to be turned on. Please enable Javascript and reload the page. Bringing the Holy Land Home: The Crusades, Chertsey Abbey, and the Reconstruction of a Medieval Masterpiece Main Menu Explore All Objects by Location Explore All Objects by Material Explore all objects at the College of the Holy Cross All Objects Amanda Luyster 17d39c1ecea88fb7ff282fe74a410b89478b8327 Open Pen Box 1 media/openbox_thumb.jpeg 2022-11-07T13:25:05-08:00 Gabriella Moscardelli 0066a2df86121a2798af64cc7ad9fcaa0b0382c4 39447 1 plain 2022-11-07T13:25:05-08:00 Gabriella Moscardelli 0066a2df86121a2798af64cc7ad9fcaa0b0382c4 This page is referenced by: 1 2022-06-16T12:46:22-07:00 Why was this made, and how was it used? 9 Pen Box, made in Amalfi, Italy, late 11th–early 12th century, ivory and bronze, H. 2 9/16 in. (6.5 cm) L. 9 3/4 in. (24.8 cm) D. 2 9/16 in. (6.5 cm), New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.190.236, © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. plain 2022-11-14T10:03:21-08:00 Pen Box, made in Amalfi, Italy, late 11th–early 12th century, ivory and bronze, H. 2 9/16 in. (6.5 cm) L. 9 3/4 in. (24.8 cm) D. 2 9/16 in. (6.5 cm), New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.190.236, © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The production of this pen box is the result of a fusion of cultures, religious appreciations, and a demonstration of education, literacy, and status. As can be assumed by its name, this pen box was used to house pens and other writing tools. Due to the fact that literacy and writing skills were very rare in 11th-century Italy, the box served as a sign of elitism and skill. The skill of reading and writing was reserved only for the wealthiest and most educated of families of Medieval times, which is why this box was gifted to the eldest Mansone son, Taurus. Furthermore, this pen box demonstrates signs of religious dedication as both Christianity and Islam both exalted the written word. One who was capable of writing for themselves would also have been capable of reading the Bible or the Quran, two of the most sacred of texts. By creating a fusion of both Muslim and Christian designs, the box which was used to carry writing tools demonstrates signs of education, status, and religious appreciation.