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1. 1 2016-03-28T22:30:07-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb How did you know? Laura Krok-Horton 3 plain 2016-03-28T22:38:15-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb
2. 1 2016-03-28T22:32:10-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb Toys? Laura Krok-Horton 3 plain 2016-03-28T22:38:16-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb
3. 1 2016-03-28T22:34:46-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb Thank you, but where are we going to put it? Laura Krok-Horton 2 plain 2016-03-28T22:38:17-07:00 Laura Krok-Horton 8821b4dc04b04778e711bda7feea85180355aedb

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• 1 media/EichlerFloorplan1224.jpg 2016-02-15T11:54:11-08:00 ARH 218 - Smith College - Spring 2016 50 vistag 235202 2016-04-23T04:33:29-07:00

  Modern Architectures of North America

  Recognizing that there are multiple ways of studying the built environment, these projects utilize different modes of inquiry to explore architecture. While each project comes to its own unique conclusions, many of these projects intersect in terms broader themes or questions that they raise. Through their organization into groups, these projects locate a number of productive ways of thinking about the built environment.
  
  Although these projects represent a variety of methodologies and topics, each highlight the dynamic relationship between humans and architecture. The grouping Identity: What Lies Beneath Style and Form explores the way associations related to identity become attached to architecture. These projects astutely portray the way in which these associations are not monolithic nor static, and can be utilized to reinforce group identities--whether regional, religious, cultural, gendered, or national--for different reasons and to different ends. Suburbia focuses more narrowly on the identities associated with suburban housing. Looking to points at which design intersects with the lived experience, these projects investigate the agency of those who live in these spaces. Though predominantly inhabited by white, middle class families, each of these projects locates the way in which other questions related to gender roles, modern living, conformity, nature, and climate can be teased out of a sustained study of suburbia. While architecture can serve as a liberating means to express identity, it can be used to oppress others. The grouping Patients, Prisoners, Politics explores the ways in which architecture is used to further differentiate people marked as others. Although both projects recognize that these built environments were meant to be used as tools to control certain groups of people, they highlight the ways in which people forced into these environments found ways to insert their own agency in these spaces.
  Architecture Relating to the Natural Environment shifts our attention to the way in which architecture is conceived in relation to the built environment. These projects explore the ways in which harmonious relationships between architecture and nature can be defined in aesthetic terms, climate conditions, or with attention to environmental responsibility. They invite us to consider who articulates this relationship, from trained architects to more informal architectural practices. Change and Adaptation reminds us that architecture has a life that extends beyond its conception and construction. This grouping takes on the issue of time--past, present, and future. Whether addressing the context of the moment in which the building is designed, aspirations for the future, or alterations over time, each of these projects also show how the issue of time intersects with the economy and hope for economic prosperity. 
   
• 1 2016-02-15T11:51:54-08:00 Laura - The Suburban Kitchen in Levittown, PA 41 By Laura Krok-Horton plain 2016-04-19T06:08:34-07:00

  
  The kitchen, as a domestic space in a home, was advertised for women in suburban, single-family homes in Levittown, Pennsylvania.  It was publicized as the central hub of efficiency, both with its spacial layout and the modern appliances. But the advertised kitchen clashed with the reality of the kitchen in Levittown. As a single family home, space was limited. In some cases, there was no room for both a washer and dryer, never mind the money to pay it. The kitchen became a fashion trend, but only because it was perceived as a woman's space. 

  History of Levittown, Pennsylvania

  Post WWII, the 1950's suburban community rose in America. Designed and developed by William J. Levitt, "Levittown, Pennsylvania was the largest planned community constructed by a single builder in the United States" (The State Museum of Pennsylvania). Completed in 1958, 5500 acres housed 17,311 single-family homes. The appeal of having an affordable home with a backyard for the kids attracted families from in and around the state. Levittown in Pennsylvania wanted to emphasized youth, leisure, consumer goods, and easy living for the family. 

  The Dream Kitchen 

  Advertisements were attempts to placate woman to get excited about the home. They advertised abundant space, seasonal color, and efficiency, therefore easy-living. But what was being advertised conflicted with the reality of these domestic spaces. As a single-family home, there was only so much space that could be dedicated to kitchen. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Prefabricated kitchen designs were implemented in the United States with rational-space and labor saving principles. These spaces were designed specifically with the suburban housewife in mind. The form and function of the advertised kitchen conflicted with the reality of a housewife. Levittown kitchens used commercialism and capitalism to promote domestic life.

  Citations:

  "Building the Suburban Dream: The Levittown Kitchen." Levittown, Pa. Building the Suburban Dream. The State Museum of Pennsylvania, 1 Jan. 2003. Web.
  
  Harris, Dianne. "9. Pink Kitchens for Little Boxes: The Evolution of 1950s Kitchen Design in Levittown." Second Suburb: Levittown, Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, PA: U of Pittsburgh, 2010. 243-80. Print.
  
  Hellman, Caroline. "The Other American Kitchen: Alternative Domesticity in 1950s Design, Politics, and Fiction." Americana: The Journal of American Popular Culture (1900-present). 1 Sept. 2004. Web. 08 Mar. 2016.
  
  Kelly, Barbara M. Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown. Albany: State U of New York, 1993. Print.
  
  Lane, Barbara Miller. "Mass Housing as a Single-family Dwelling: The Post-war American Suburb." Housing and Dwelling: Perspective on Modern Domestic Architecture. New York: Routledge, 2007. 272-309. Print.
  
  Meck, Stuart. “Reflections on Levittown.” Planning 75, no. 2 (February 2009): 54–54.

  Image Citation:

  1. http://statemuseumpa.org/levittown/images/lg_jpegs/GE-ad.jpg
  2. http://statemuseumpa.org/levittown/images/lg_jpegs/colorful-kitchens.jpg
  3. http://statemuseumpa.org/levittown/images/lg_jpegs/open.jpg