On October 28th 1967, co-founder of the Black Panther Party Huey Newton was pulled over by police which resulted in an altercation that left him with a bullet in his stomach and one officer named John Frey was fatally wounded and another officer was injured. Before this accident Newton claimed that the Oakland police had pulled him over more than 50 times since 1966. The Party was starting to change during this time period because the two leaders were absent as Newton was charged as the shooter and awaited trial and  Bobby Seale was serving a six month sentence as a result of the Black Panthers protest in Sacramento. A member named Eldrigde Cleaver who had joined in 1966 took over as the new leader of the panthers. In 1968 Huey Newton was convicted of voluntary manslaughter and was sentenced 2-15 years in prison.  The Black Panthers attracted the nation’s attention so to maintain white supremacy in 1969 the FBI under its first director J. Edgar Hoover had declared the panthers a communist organization and an enemy of the US government. Because of this the Panthers became the target of the FBIs COINTELPRO, a secret counterintelligence program used to surveillance politically progressive groups. The FBI targeted Panther men, creating open positions of leadership that women like Elaine Brown filled. In 1974 Elaine Brown, gained leadership of the whole black panther Party after Newton fled prosecution to Cuba. She led the party for three years and established the black panther party’s liberation school. In 1982 the organization officially ended because of no leadership due to the FBI's tactics that included intense surveillance, organizational infiltration, anonymous mailings, and police harassment. In August 1989, Newton was killed in a drug dispute after returning from Cuba,  in West Oakland.